Öz
Image of the West and Westerner in Soviet Propaganda AnimationDomestic and international propaganda had played a prominent role in Soviet Union. Visual arts and particularly moving image technique have extensively been used in propaganda efforts. In this article, emerging image of West and Westerner in Soviet animations that were produced for domestic propaganda are examined. First, the origins of propaganda and propaganda filming in Soviet Union are explained. Second, characteristics and the transformation of the image of the West and Westerner are analysed. Although this image had been changed throughout the time, it has concentrated under specific categories and has ideological consistency.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- AFANASEVA Natalia (2011), “The End of Russian Animation?”, Russian Life, Sayı: 54 (1), s. 50-57.
- BARGHOORN Frederick C. (1964), Soviet Foreign Propaganda, Princeton, New Jersey, Princeton University Press.
- BARNOUW Erik (1993), Documentary: A History of Non-Fiction Film, New
- York, Oxford University Press. BERKHOFF Karel C. (2012), Motherland in Danger: Soviet Propaganda
- During World War II, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press. BLAHOYA Jindriska (2009), “No Place for Peace Mongers: Charlie Chaplin, Monsieur Verdoux (1947) and Czechoslovak Communist Propaganda”, Historical
- Journal of Film, Radio and Television, Sayı: 29 (3), s. 321-342. BOTTOMORE Stephen (2007), Filming, faking and propaganda: The origins of the war film, 1897-1902, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Universiteit Utrecht, Utrecht.
- FOX Jo (2007), Film Propaganda in Britain and Nazi Germany: World War II
- Cinema, New York, Berg Publishers. GODER Dina (2003), “The Little Known History of Russian Animation” Russian Life, Sayı: 46 (6), s. 24-31.
- GORKY FILM STUDIO (t.y.), http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mezhrabpom, erişim 02012
- GÜRGEN Haluk (1990), “Propaganda”, Kurgu Dergisi, Sayı: 6, s. 135-157.
- HEYWOOD Andrew (2011), Siyasi İdeolojiler: Bir Giriş, Çev. Ahmet Kemal Bayram vd., Ankara, Adres Yayınları.
- HOBSBAWM Eric (2013), Kısa 20. Yüzyıl: Aşırılıklar Çağı, 1914-1991, İstanbul, Everest Yayınları.
- HUXLEY David (2006), “Kidding the Kaiser: British Propaganda Animation, 19141919”, Early Popular Visual Culture, Sayı: 4 (3), s. 307-320.
- İNCEOĞLU Metin (1985), Güdüleme Yöntemleri, Ankara, A.Ü. BYYO Yayınları. JOWETT Garth ve O’DONNELL Victoria (2006), Propaganda and Persuasion, (4th ed.), Thousand Oaks, Sage Publications Inc.
- KENEZ Peter (1992), Cinema and Soviet Society, 1917-1953, New York, Cambridge University Press.
- KENEZ Peter (1986), The Birth of the Propaganda State: Soviet Methods of Mass Mobilization, New York, Cambridge University Press.
- KEPLEY Vance Jr. (1994), “The Origins of Soviet Cinema: A Study in Industry Development”, içinde Inside the Film Factory : New Approaches to Russian and Soviet Cinema, Der. Ian Christie, Richard Taylor, Florence, Routledge, s. 61KOBEL Peter ve Library of Congress (2007), Silent Movies: The Birth of Film and the Triumph of Movie Culture, New York, Little, Brown and Company.
- LASSWELL Harold D. (1927), “The Theory of Political Propaganda”, The American Political Science Review, Sayı: 21 (3), s. 627-631, http://www.jstor. org/stable/1945515?origin=JSTOR-pdf, 13.07.2010
- LENIN Vladimir I. (2003), Ne Yapmalı?: Hareketimizin Can Alıcı Sorunları, Çev. Muzaffer Ardos, İstanbul, Eriş Yayınları.
- PONTIERI Laura (2012), “Soviet Animation and the Thaw of the 1960s: Not Only for Children”, Russian Review, Sayı: 72 (4), s. 679-680.
- QUALTER Terence H. (1980), “Propaganda Teorisi ve Propagandanın Gelişimi”, Çev. Ünsal Oskay, A.Ü. SBF Dergisi, Sayı: 35 (1), s. 255-307.
- REEVES Nicholas (2004), Power of Film Propaganda: Myth or Reality?, London, Continuum.
- SHORT Kenneth R. M. (1983), Film and Radio Propaganda in World War II, London, Croom Helm.
- SORLIN Piérre (1968), The Soviet People and Their Society: From 1917 to the Present, New York, Praeger Publishers.
- SOYUZMULTFILM (t.y.), http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuzmultfilm, erişim 17. 02012
- SOVIET PROPAGANDA: RUSSIA’S ANIMATED PROPAGANDA WAR (2006), DVD, Odeon Entertainment.
- TAYLOR Philip M. (2003), Munitions of the Mind: A History of Propaganda, Manchester, New York, Manchester University Press.
- TAYLOR Richard (1992), “Ideology and Popular Culture in Soviet Cinema: The Kiss of Marry Pickford”, içinde The Red Screen: Politics, Society, Art in Soviet
- Cinema, (der.) Anna Lawton, New York, Routledge, s. 43-66. TAYLOR Richard (1998), Film propaganda: Soviet Russia and Nazi Germany, New York, I.B.Tauris.
- WARD Paul (2005), “Distribution and Trade Press Strategies for British Animated
- Propaganda Cartoons of the First World War Era”, Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, Sayı: 25 (22), s. 189-201. WIDDIS Emma (2003), Visions of a New Land: Soviet Film from the Revolution to the Second World War, New Haven, Yale University Press.
Öz
Sovyetler Birliği’nde iç ve dış propaganda son derece önemli bir rol oynamıştır. Propaganda faaliyetlerinde görsel sanatlardan ve özellikle hareketli görüntü tekniğinden büyük ölçüde yararlanılmıştır. Bu makalede, Sovyetler Birliği’nde iç propaganda amacıyla üretilmiş olan animasyon filmlerinde Batı ve Batılı imgesi incelenmiştir. İlk aşamada Sovyetler Birliği’nde propaganda ve propaganda filmciliğinin temelleri açıklanmış; ardından 1924 -1984 yılları arasında yapılmış propaganda animasyonlarında söz konusu imgenin karakteristiği ve başlangıcından itibaren geçirdiği dönüşüm çözümlenmiştir. Batı ve Batılı temsillerinin belli kategorilerde toplandığı, bunların zaman içinde değişim geçirmekle birlikte ideolojik bir sürekliliği olduğu görülmüştür.
anahtar kelimeler: propaganda, animasyon, canlandırma, propaganda
filmleri, Sovyet propagandası
Anahtar Kelimeler
propaganda animasyon canlandırma propaganda filmleri Sovyet propagandası
Kaynakça
- AFANASEVA Natalia (2011), “The End of Russian Animation?”, Russian Life, Sayı: 54 (1), s. 50-57.
- BARGHOORN Frederick C. (1964), Soviet Foreign Propaganda, Princeton, New Jersey, Princeton University Press.
- BARNOUW Erik (1993), Documentary: A History of Non-Fiction Film, New
- York, Oxford University Press. BERKHOFF Karel C. (2012), Motherland in Danger: Soviet Propaganda
- During World War II, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press. BLAHOYA Jindriska (2009), “No Place for Peace Mongers: Charlie Chaplin, Monsieur Verdoux (1947) and Czechoslovak Communist Propaganda”, Historical
- Journal of Film, Radio and Television, Sayı: 29 (3), s. 321-342. BOTTOMORE Stephen (2007), Filming, faking and propaganda: The origins of the war film, 1897-1902, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Universiteit Utrecht, Utrecht.
- FOX Jo (2007), Film Propaganda in Britain and Nazi Germany: World War II
- Cinema, New York, Berg Publishers. GODER Dina (2003), “The Little Known History of Russian Animation” Russian Life, Sayı: 46 (6), s. 24-31.
- GORKY FILM STUDIO (t.y.), http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mezhrabpom, erişim 02012
- GÜRGEN Haluk (1990), “Propaganda”, Kurgu Dergisi, Sayı: 6, s. 135-157.
- HEYWOOD Andrew (2011), Siyasi İdeolojiler: Bir Giriş, Çev. Ahmet Kemal Bayram vd., Ankara, Adres Yayınları.
- HOBSBAWM Eric (2013), Kısa 20. Yüzyıl: Aşırılıklar Çağı, 1914-1991, İstanbul, Everest Yayınları.
- HUXLEY David (2006), “Kidding the Kaiser: British Propaganda Animation, 19141919”, Early Popular Visual Culture, Sayı: 4 (3), s. 307-320.
- İNCEOĞLU Metin (1985), Güdüleme Yöntemleri, Ankara, A.Ü. BYYO Yayınları. JOWETT Garth ve O’DONNELL Victoria (2006), Propaganda and Persuasion, (4th ed.), Thousand Oaks, Sage Publications Inc.
- KENEZ Peter (1992), Cinema and Soviet Society, 1917-1953, New York, Cambridge University Press.
- KENEZ Peter (1986), The Birth of the Propaganda State: Soviet Methods of Mass Mobilization, New York, Cambridge University Press.
- KEPLEY Vance Jr. (1994), “The Origins of Soviet Cinema: A Study in Industry Development”, içinde Inside the Film Factory : New Approaches to Russian and Soviet Cinema, Der. Ian Christie, Richard Taylor, Florence, Routledge, s. 61KOBEL Peter ve Library of Congress (2007), Silent Movies: The Birth of Film and the Triumph of Movie Culture, New York, Little, Brown and Company.
- LASSWELL Harold D. (1927), “The Theory of Political Propaganda”, The American Political Science Review, Sayı: 21 (3), s. 627-631, http://www.jstor. org/stable/1945515?origin=JSTOR-pdf, 13.07.2010
- LENIN Vladimir I. (2003), Ne Yapmalı?: Hareketimizin Can Alıcı Sorunları, Çev. Muzaffer Ardos, İstanbul, Eriş Yayınları.
- PONTIERI Laura (2012), “Soviet Animation and the Thaw of the 1960s: Not Only for Children”, Russian Review, Sayı: 72 (4), s. 679-680.
- QUALTER Terence H. (1980), “Propaganda Teorisi ve Propagandanın Gelişimi”, Çev. Ünsal Oskay, A.Ü. SBF Dergisi, Sayı: 35 (1), s. 255-307.
- REEVES Nicholas (2004), Power of Film Propaganda: Myth or Reality?, London, Continuum.
- SHORT Kenneth R. M. (1983), Film and Radio Propaganda in World War II, London, Croom Helm.
- SORLIN Piérre (1968), The Soviet People and Their Society: From 1917 to the Present, New York, Praeger Publishers.
- SOYUZMULTFILM (t.y.), http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuzmultfilm, erişim 17. 02012
- SOVIET PROPAGANDA: RUSSIA’S ANIMATED PROPAGANDA WAR (2006), DVD, Odeon Entertainment.
- TAYLOR Philip M. (2003), Munitions of the Mind: A History of Propaganda, Manchester, New York, Manchester University Press.
- TAYLOR Richard (1992), “Ideology and Popular Culture in Soviet Cinema: The Kiss of Marry Pickford”, içinde The Red Screen: Politics, Society, Art in Soviet
- Cinema, (der.) Anna Lawton, New York, Routledge, s. 43-66. TAYLOR Richard (1998), Film propaganda: Soviet Russia and Nazi Germany, New York, I.B.Tauris.
- WARD Paul (2005), “Distribution and Trade Press Strategies for British Animated
- Propaganda Cartoons of the First World War Era”, Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, Sayı: 25 (22), s. 189-201. WIDDIS Emma (2003), Visions of a New Land: Soviet Film from the Revolution to the Second World War, New Haven, Yale University Press.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 24 Ekim 2014 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2013Sayı: 19 |
