Öz
Nowadays the problematic of representation of minorities or immigrant communities in media, and the problematic of expression of their common interests bymeans of media constitute a major discussion, which is held especially to emerge the opportunity of a more democratic media environment and to criticize traditional communication systems. At this point, we can say that community radios can be considered as one of the opportunities, which will help to realize this kind of communication. On the basis of the fact that the community radios have a common goal of representation, participation and mobilizing of different social actors and groups in a centralized communication space, they can also have the role of being the voice of people and groups in disadvantaged positions in society such as ethnic minorities or immigrants. For this reason, analyzing the community radio as having the potential to represent the common interests of Turkish immigrant community also gives us the opportunity to discuss the ways that Turkish immigrants use this possibility. Thus, as having the main goal of this paper is as the evaluation of the community radio system in Netherlands in order to discuss Turkish immigrants' response to this system in terms of their capacity to create a significant community and their own community radio(s) and in order to see Turkish local radios can work as medium of community communication or ethnic market; we achieved the conclusion that none of this process is truly constituted. Although there are some regulations, which make possible community communication in radio broadcasting system of Netherlands formed by its immigration and multiculturalism politics, because of some obstacles created by structural characteristics of Turkish ethnic community and by official immigration politics of Netherlands, the Turks do not have the demand of making a radio broadcasting in terms of community radio.
Anahtar Kelimeler
community radios Turkish immigrant community multiculturalism in Netherlands
Kaynakça
- CAN ENG‹N Hatice & CAN Murat (2003), Siyah Lale. Göçün 40. Y›l›nda Hollanda’da Türkler, Rijen: Dizayn Bas›mevi.
- CANKAYA Ö., GÜNEY S. KÖKSALAN E., MAHMUTO⁄LU V.; “Almanya’da Türk Medyas›: Entegrasyon Sorunu”, ‹leti-fl-im, say› 3, Aral›k 2005, s: 8-44.
- CANTOR Muriel Goldsman (1994), “The Role of the Audience in the Production of Culture: A Personel Research Retrospective”, James S. Ettema & D. Charles Whitney, Audiencemaing: How the Media Create the Audience, London: Sage.
- CHAMBON Laurent, L’identité néerlandaise post-Fortuyn post-multiculturalisme et néo-nationalisme ethnique, http://www.laurentchambon.com/textes/identite _neerlandaise.htm, 01.11.2006.
- DOYTCHEVA Milena (2005), Le Multiculturalisme, La Découverte: Collection Repères, Paris.
- DUNAWAY David (2002), “Community Radio at the Beginning of the 21st Century: Commercialism vs. Community Power”, N.W. Jankowski (ed.), Community Media in the Information Age-Perspectives and Prospects, içinde (63-82).
- ENTZINGER H. (1994), "A future for the Dutch ‘ethnic minorities’?", in Lewis, B., Schnapper, D. (Eds), Muslims in Europe, Frances Pinter, London, pp.19-38.
- FRASER Colins & ESTRADA Sonia Restrepo (2001), Community Radio Handbook, Unesco, (http://www.unesco.org/webworld/publications/community _radio_handbook.pdf)
- GANS Herbert (1974), Popular Culture and High Culture, New York: Basic Books.
- GIRARD B. (ed.) (1992), A Passion for Radio. Radio Waves and Community, Montreal: Black Rose Books.
- HENDY David (2000), Radio in the Global Age, Cambridge: Polity Press. HOLLANDER E., STAPPERS J., JANKOWSKI N. (2002), “Community Media and Community Communication”, in N. W. Jankowski (ed.), Community Media in the Information Age, Perspectives and Prospects, New Jersey; Hampton Press.
- LEWIS P.M. & BOOTH J. (1991), The Invisible Medium, Public, Commercial and Community Radio, Howard University Press.
- PREHN O. (1992), “From Small Scale Utopizm to Large Scale Pragmatizm. Trends and Prospects for Community Oriented Local Radio and Television” in J.Jankowski, O. Prehn and J. Stappers (eds.) The People’s Voice: Local Radio and Television in Europe, London, John Libbey.
- TABING Louie (2002), How to Do Community Radio, UNESCO.
- T‹M‹S‹ Nilüfer (2003), “Küresel ‹letiflim Ortam› ve Yerel Radyolar”, Habercinin El Kitab›: Radyo ve Radyoculuk içinde, B‹A-‹PS ‹letiflim Vakf› Yay›nlar›, s: 55-77.
- TRACEY M. (1998), The Decline and Fall of Public Service Broadcasting, New York: Oxford University Press.
- VATIKIOTIS Pantelis (2004), “Communication Theory and Alternative Media”, Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture, Vol. 1 (2), (4-29)
- VAN ZYL J. (ed) (2003), Community Radio: The People’s Voice, Sharp Media “Bringing Communication Closer to Citizens and Communities”, AMARC Europe, 1998, www.waag.org/pcc
Öz
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- CAN ENG‹N Hatice & CAN Murat (2003), Siyah Lale. Göçün 40. Y›l›nda Hollanda’da Türkler, Rijen: Dizayn Bas›mevi.
- CANKAYA Ö., GÜNEY S. KÖKSALAN E., MAHMUTO⁄LU V.; “Almanya’da Türk Medyas›: Entegrasyon Sorunu”, ‹leti-fl-im, say› 3, Aral›k 2005, s: 8-44.
- CANTOR Muriel Goldsman (1994), “The Role of the Audience in the Production of Culture: A Personel Research Retrospective”, James S. Ettema & D. Charles Whitney, Audiencemaing: How the Media Create the Audience, London: Sage.
- CHAMBON Laurent, L’identité néerlandaise post-Fortuyn post-multiculturalisme et néo-nationalisme ethnique, http://www.laurentchambon.com/textes/identite _neerlandaise.htm, 01.11.2006.
- DOYTCHEVA Milena (2005), Le Multiculturalisme, La Découverte: Collection Repères, Paris.
- DUNAWAY David (2002), “Community Radio at the Beginning of the 21st Century: Commercialism vs. Community Power”, N.W. Jankowski (ed.), Community Media in the Information Age-Perspectives and Prospects, içinde (63-82).
- ENTZINGER H. (1994), "A future for the Dutch ‘ethnic minorities’?", in Lewis, B., Schnapper, D. (Eds), Muslims in Europe, Frances Pinter, London, pp.19-38.
- FRASER Colins & ESTRADA Sonia Restrepo (2001), Community Radio Handbook, Unesco, (http://www.unesco.org/webworld/publications/community _radio_handbook.pdf)
- GANS Herbert (1974), Popular Culture and High Culture, New York: Basic Books.
- GIRARD B. (ed.) (1992), A Passion for Radio. Radio Waves and Community, Montreal: Black Rose Books.
- HENDY David (2000), Radio in the Global Age, Cambridge: Polity Press. HOLLANDER E., STAPPERS J., JANKOWSKI N. (2002), “Community Media and Community Communication”, in N. W. Jankowski (ed.), Community Media in the Information Age, Perspectives and Prospects, New Jersey; Hampton Press.
- LEWIS P.M. & BOOTH J. (1991), The Invisible Medium, Public, Commercial and Community Radio, Howard University Press.
- PREHN O. (1992), “From Small Scale Utopizm to Large Scale Pragmatizm. Trends and Prospects for Community Oriented Local Radio and Television” in J.Jankowski, O. Prehn and J. Stappers (eds.) The People’s Voice: Local Radio and Television in Europe, London, John Libbey.
- TABING Louie (2002), How to Do Community Radio, UNESCO.
- T‹M‹S‹ Nilüfer (2003), “Küresel ‹letiflim Ortam› ve Yerel Radyolar”, Habercinin El Kitab›: Radyo ve Radyoculuk içinde, B‹A-‹PS ‹letiflim Vakf› Yay›nlar›, s: 55-77.
- TRACEY M. (1998), The Decline and Fall of Public Service Broadcasting, New York: Oxford University Press.
- VATIKIOTIS Pantelis (2004), “Communication Theory and Alternative Media”, Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture, Vol. 1 (2), (4-29)
- VAN ZYL J. (ed) (2003), Community Radio: The People’s Voice, Sharp Media “Bringing Communication Closer to Citizens and Communities”, AMARC Europe, 1998, www.waag.org/pcc
Öz
Günümüzde, daha demokratik bir medya ortamının yaratımına katkı verilmesi adına yabancı ülkelerde yaşayan göçmen azınlıkların medya aracılığıyla temsili önemli bir sorunsal olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu noktada özellikle topluluk radyosu bu türden bir olanağı bizlere sunabilecek bir kavram olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Topluluk radyolarının farklı toplumsal grup ve aktörlerin temsiliyeti, katılımı ve harekete geçirilişine ilişkin ortak bir amacı olduğu gözönüne alındığında bu radyoların aynı zamanda etnik azınlıklar ya da göçmenler gibi toplumda dezavantajlı konumda olan grupların sesi olma rolünü de üstlenebilecekleri açıktır. Bu nedenle göçmen Türk toplumunun ortak çıkarlarını temsil edebilme potansiyeline sahip bir araç olarak topluluk radyosu kavramını tartışmak aynı zamanda bizlere Türk göçmenlerin bu imkanı kullanma kapasitelerini irdeleme fırsatı verecektir. Bu bağlamda temel çıkış sorusu Hollanda'daki Türk göçmenlerine seslenen radyoların seslendikleri topluluğun kendilerini özgürce ifade edebildikleri, topluluğun kendi gündem ve sorunlarını tartışabildiği ve ortak çıkarların savunulduğu bir iletişim ortamı olarak mı, yoksa topluluğun etnik bir segment olarak reklam verenlere pazarlandığı bir alan olarak mı biçimlendiği olan çalışmamızda, yaptığımız görüşmeler sonucunda ulaştığımız en önemli bulgu söz konusu iki durumun da tam anlamıyla gerçekleşmediği olmuştur. Hollanda'nın kendine özgü çokkültürlülük ve göçmen politikaları çerçevesinde oluşturduğu yayıncılık sisteminde topluluk iletişimini olanaklı kılan düzenlemeler var olsa da, uygulamada görülen, gerek Hollanda'nın resmi göç ve çokkültürlülük politikası, gerekse göçmen Türk toplumun yapısal özelliklerinden kaynaklanan bazı engeller özellikle Türklerin bir etnik göçmen topluluk olarak radyo yayını yapmasına engel olur niteliktedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- CAN ENG‹N Hatice & CAN Murat (2003), Siyah Lale. Göçün 40. Y›l›nda Hollanda’da Türkler, Rijen: Dizayn Bas›mevi.
- CANKAYA Ö., GÜNEY S. KÖKSALAN E., MAHMUTO⁄LU V.; “Almanya’da Türk Medyas›: Entegrasyon Sorunu”, ‹leti-fl-im, say› 3, Aral›k 2005, s: 8-44.
- CANTOR Muriel Goldsman (1994), “The Role of the Audience in the Production of Culture: A Personel Research Retrospective”, James S. Ettema & D. Charles Whitney, Audiencemaing: How the Media Create the Audience, London: Sage.
- CHAMBON Laurent, L’identité néerlandaise post-Fortuyn post-multiculturalisme et néo-nationalisme ethnique, http://www.laurentchambon.com/textes/identite _neerlandaise.htm, 01.11.2006.
- DOYTCHEVA Milena (2005), Le Multiculturalisme, La Découverte: Collection Repères, Paris.
- DUNAWAY David (2002), “Community Radio at the Beginning of the 21st Century: Commercialism vs. Community Power”, N.W. Jankowski (ed.), Community Media in the Information Age-Perspectives and Prospects, içinde (63-82).
- ENTZINGER H. (1994), "A future for the Dutch ‘ethnic minorities’?", in Lewis, B., Schnapper, D. (Eds), Muslims in Europe, Frances Pinter, London, pp.19-38.
- FRASER Colins & ESTRADA Sonia Restrepo (2001), Community Radio Handbook, Unesco, (http://www.unesco.org/webworld/publications/community _radio_handbook.pdf)
- GANS Herbert (1974), Popular Culture and High Culture, New York: Basic Books.
- GIRARD B. (ed.) (1992), A Passion for Radio. Radio Waves and Community, Montreal: Black Rose Books.
- HENDY David (2000), Radio in the Global Age, Cambridge: Polity Press. HOLLANDER E., STAPPERS J., JANKOWSKI N. (2002), “Community Media and Community Communication”, in N. W. Jankowski (ed.), Community Media in the Information Age, Perspectives and Prospects, New Jersey; Hampton Press.
- LEWIS P.M. & BOOTH J. (1991), The Invisible Medium, Public, Commercial and Community Radio, Howard University Press.
- PREHN O. (1992), “From Small Scale Utopizm to Large Scale Pragmatizm. Trends and Prospects for Community Oriented Local Radio and Television” in J.Jankowski, O. Prehn and J. Stappers (eds.) The People’s Voice: Local Radio and Television in Europe, London, John Libbey.
- TABING Louie (2002), How to Do Community Radio, UNESCO.
- T‹M‹S‹ Nilüfer (2003), “Küresel ‹letiflim Ortam› ve Yerel Radyolar”, Habercinin El Kitab›: Radyo ve Radyoculuk içinde, B‹A-‹PS ‹letiflim Vakf› Yay›nlar›, s: 55-77.
- TRACEY M. (1998), The Decline and Fall of Public Service Broadcasting, New York: Oxford University Press.
- VATIKIOTIS Pantelis (2004), “Communication Theory and Alternative Media”, Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture, Vol. 1 (2), (4-29)
- VAN ZYL J. (ed) (2003), Community Radio: The People’s Voice, Sharp Media “Bringing Communication Closer to Citizens and Communities”, AMARC Europe, 1998, www.waag.org/pcc
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 1 Nisan 2006 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2006Sayı: 5 |
- Makale Dosyaları
