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Aldatıcı Tasarım Kalıplarının Tipolojisi Üzerine Bir İnceleme: Şikayetvar Platformunda Farklı Markalara İlişkin Kullanıcı Şikayetlerinin Betimsel Analizi

Year 2025, Issue: 43, 137 - 166, 25.12.2025

Bilge Şenyüz

Abstract

Aldatıcı tasarım kalıpları çevrimiçi platformlarda kullanıcıların karar alma süreçlerini etkileyerek onları manipüle eden tasarım örüntüleridir. Kullanıcıları belirli kararlar verip eylemler gerçekleştirmeleri için yönlendiren tasarım unsurlarıdır. Kullanım türüne ve bağlamına bağlı olarak değişen birçok aldatıcı tasarım türü olup; bu tasarım unsurları son yıllarda çeşitli ulusal ve uluslararası yasal mevzuatta yasa dışı olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu kapsamda, bu araştırmada öncelikle literatürden hareketle aldatıcı tasarım kalıpları sınıflandırılarak tipolojisi çıkartılmıştır. Ardından arayüz algı kuramı bağlamında betimleyici durum analizi yöntemiyle Türkiye’de kullanıcı şikayetlerine yönelik bir platform olan Şikayetvar sitesinde farklı markaların kullandıkları aldatıcı tasarım unsurlarına ilişkin şikayetlerin izi sürülmüştür. Şikayetvar sitesinde bulunan farklı markalara yönelik kullanıcı şikayetleri üzerinden Türkiye’nin dijital ekosisteminde yer alan aldatıcı tasarım örüntülerine somut örnekler verilmiştir. Kullanıcıların kararlarının farklı aldatıcı tasarım kalıplarıyla yönlendirildiği saptanmıştır. Yalnızca içerik değil, tasarım temelli denetim mekanizmalarının da gerekli olduğu gözlenmiş; bu doğrultuda düzenleyici kurumlar, teknoloji/tasarım şirketleri ve tasarımda etiği önceleyen sivil toplum kuruluşlarının katkısına ihtiyaç duyulduğu değerlendirilmiştir.

Keywords

Aldatıcı tasarım karanlık tasarım kullanıcı deneyimi manipülasyon etik arayüz tasarımı

References

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  • Alsheail, M. M., & Gerling, K. (2025). Gameplay or Gametrap? A Closer Look at Deceptive Patterns in Nintendo Switch Games Popular Among Children.
  • Bongard-Blanchy, K., Rossi, A., Rivas, S., Doublet, S., Koenig, V., & Lenzini, G. (2021, June). “I am Definitely Manipulated, Even When I am Aware of it. It’s Ridiculous!”-Dark Patterns from the End-User Perspective. In Proceedings of the 2021 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference (pp. 763-776).
  • Böcüoğlu Bodur, A. (10 Ağustos 2023). Anadolu Ajansı, "Karanlık ticari tasarımlar" Reklam Kurulunun radarına girdi, Erişim Tarihi: 14.06.2025, https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/ekonomi/karanlik-ticari-tasarimlar-reklam-kurulunun-radarina-girdi/2964843
  • Böcüoğlu Bodur, A. (18 Mayıs 2025). Reklam Kurulu, yanıltıcı reklamlara 5 ayda yaklaşık 125,3 milyon lira ceza kesti, Anadolu Ajansı, Erişim Tarihi: 14.06.2025, https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/ekonomi/reklam-kurulu-yaniltici-reklamlara-5-ayda-yaklasik-125-3-milyon-lira-ceza-kesti/3572147
  • Brignull, H. (2023). Deceptive patterns: Exposing the tricks tech companies use to control you. Testimonium Ltd.
  • Brignull, H. (2011). Dark patterns: Deception vs. Honesty in UI Design. Interaction Design, Usability, 338, 2-4.
  • Brignull, H., Leiser, M., Santos, C. & Doshi, K. (2010). Deceptive patterns: User interfaces designed to trick people. Erişim Tarihi: 24.08.2025, https://old.deceptive.design/main_page/index.html
  • CCPA (2023). Guidelines for Prevention and Regulation of Dark Patterns, 2023, Erişim Tarihi: 24.08.2025, https://www.taxtmi.com/article/detailed?id=14083&utm_source=chatgpt.com
  • California Privacy Rights Act (2022). Erişim Tarihi: 14.06.2025, https://cppa.ca.gov/meetings/materials/ 20220608_item3.pdf
  • Chen, Z., Shen, J., & Vaccaro, K. (2025). Hidden Darkness in LLM-Generated Designs: Exploring Dark Patterns in Ecommerce Web Components Generated by LLMs. arXiv preprint arXiv:2502.13499.
  • Contexte (2025). "Une consultation publique sur le Digital Fairness Act fleurira au printemps 2025”, Erişim Tarihi: 14.06.2025, https://www.contexte.com/fr/actualite/tech/une-consultation-publique-sur-le-digital-fairness-act-fleurira-au-printemps-2025_210438?go-back-to-briefitem=210438
  • Curley, A., O'Sullivan, D., Gordon, D., Tierney, B., & Stavrakakis, I. (2021). The Design of a framework for the detection of web-based dark patterns.
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  • Di Geronimo, L., Braz, L., Fregnan, E., Palomba, F., & Bacchelli, A. (2020, April). UI dark patterns and where to find them: a study on mobile applications and user perception. In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems (pp. 1-14).
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  • Fair Patterns (2025). About Fair Patterns. Erişim Tarihi: 21.08.205, https://fairpatterns.com/
  • FTC (2022). Bringing Dark Patterns to Light: An FTC Staff Report. Washington, D.C.: Federal Trade Commission, Erişim Tarihi: 21.08.2025, https://www.ftc.gov/reports/bringing-dark-patterns-light
  • FTC (2024). FTC, ICPEN, GPEN Announce Results of Review of Use of Dark Patterns Affecting Subscription Services, Privacy, 10.07.2024, Erişim Tarihi: 14.08.2025, https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/07/ftc-icpen-gpen-announce-results-review-use-dark-patterns-affecting-subscription-services-privacy?ref=thestack.technology
  • Gray, C. M., Santos, C. T., Tong, N., Mildner, T., Rossi, A., Gunawan, J. T., & Sinders, C. (2023, April). Dark patterns and the emerging threats of deceptive design practices. In Extended Abstracts of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 1-4).
  • Greenberg, S., Boring, S., Vermeulen, J., & Dostal, J. (2014, June). Dark patterns in proxemic interactions: a critical perspective. In Proceedings of the 2014 conference on Designing interactive systems (pp. 523-532).
  • Hausner, P., & Gertz, M. (2021). Dark patterns in the interaction with cookie banners. arXiv preprint arXiv:2103.14956.
  • Hoffman, D. D., Singh, M., & Prakash, C. (2015). The interface theory of perception. Psychonomic bulletin & review, 22, 1480-1506. KFTC (22 Ağustos 2023). Issues Guidelines on Self-Management of Dark Patterns, Erişim Tarihi: 14.06.2025, https://www.kimchang.com/en/insights/detail.kc?sch_section=4&idx=27878
  • Kim, H., Sefcik, J. S., & Bradway, C. (2017). Characteristics of qualitative descriptive studies: A systematic review. Research in nursing & health, 40(1), 23-42.
  • Lacey, C., & Caudwell, C. (2019, March). Cuteness as a ‘dark pattern’in home robots. In 2019 14th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) (pp. 374-381). IEEE.
  • LeBlanc, K. (4 Şubat 2025). Advancing Dark Pattern Reform for Consumer Protection, Information Today, Erişim Tarihi: 14.06.2025, https://newsbreaks.infotoday.com/NewsBreaks/Advancing-Dark-Pattern-Reform-for-Consumer-Protection-167615.asp?utm_source=chatgpt.com
  • Mamidwar, A., & Bhutkar, G. (2024). An Overview of Guidelines on Dark Patterns.
  • Mathur, A., Acar, G., Friedman, M. J., Lucherini, E., Mayer, J., Chetty, M., & Narayanan, A. (2019). Dark patterns at scale: Findings from a crawl of 11K shopping websites. Proceedings of the ACM on human-computer interaction, 3(CSCW), 1-32.
  • Mathur, A., Kshirsagar, M., & Mayer, J. (2021, May). What makes a dark pattern... dark? Design attributes, normative considerations, and measurement methods. In Proceedings of the 2021 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems (pp. 1-18).
  • Mildner, T., & Savino, G. L. (2021, May). Ethical user interfaces: Exploring the effects of dark patterns on facebook. In Extended Abstracts of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 1-7).
  • Mills, S., & Whittle, R. (2023). Detecting Dark Patterns Using Generative AI: Some Preliminary Results. Available at SSRN 4614907.
  • Newall, P. (2025). Sludge, dark patterns and dark nudges: A taxonomy of on‐line gambling platforms' deceptive design features. Addiction, (pp.1-8).
  • Norberg, P. A., Horne, D. R., & Horne, D. A. (2007). The privacy paradox: Personal information disclosure intentions versus behaviors. Journal of consumer affairs, 41(1), 100-126.
  • OAIC (2024). GPEN Sweep finds majority of websites and mobile apps use deceptive design to influence privacy choices, Erişim Tarihi: 14.08.2025, https://www.oaic.gov.au/news/media-centre/gpen-sweep-finds-majority-of-websites-and-mobile-apps-use-deceptive-design-to-influence-privacy-choices
  • Ramirez, G. N., Spivack, J., & David-John, B. (2024, March). Deceptive Patterns and Perceptual Risks in an Eye-Tracked Virtual Reality. In 2024 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW) (pp. 341-344). IEEE.
  • Ramteke, A., Tembhurne, S., Sonawane, G., & Bhimanpallewar, R. N. (2024). Detecting Deceptive Dark Patterns in E-commerce Platforms. arXiv preprint arXiv:2406.01608.
  • Ravenscraft, E. (29 Haziran 2020). “How to Spot-and Avoid Dark Patterns on the Web”, Wired, Erişim Tarihi: 14.06.2025, https://www.wired.com/story/how-to-spot-avoid-dark-patterns/
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Étude sur la typologie des modèles de conception trompeurs: Analyse descriptive des plaintes des utilisateurs concernant différentes marques sur la plateforme Şikayetvar

Year 2025, Issue: 43, 137 - 166, 25.12.2025

Bilge Şenyüz

Abstract

Les modèles de conception trompeurs désignent des dispositifs qui influencent les décisions des utilisateurs sur les plateformes en ligne, afin de les manipuler. Ces éléments, soigneusement élaborés, orientent les choix et les actions. Leur diversité est notable, variant selon l’usage et le contexte. Ces pratiques ont d’ailleurs été déclarées illégales par plusieurs législations nationales et internationales. Cette étude vise d’abord à classer ces modèles, identifiés dans la littérature scientifique, pour en établir une typologie. Dans le cadre de la théorie de la perception de l’interface, une analyse descriptive a été réalisée à partir des plaintes publiées sur Şikayetvar, plateforme turque dédiée aux consommateurs. Des exemples concrets de designs trompeurs employés par différentes marques y ont été relevés. Les résultats montrent que les décisions des utilisateurs sont affectées par ces modèles, soulignant la nécessité de mécanismes de régulation axés non seulement sur le contenu, mais aussi sur la conception.

Keywords

Conception trompeuse conception sombre expérience utilisateur manipulation éthique conception d'interface

References

  • Adorna, J. H., Dantis, A. J., Feria, R., Figueroa, L. L., & Solamo, R. (2024, February). Developing a Browser Extension for the Automated Detection of Deceptive Patterns in Cookie Banners. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Computation: Theory and Practice (WCTP 2023) (Vol. 20, p. 101). Springer Nature.
  • Alsheail, M. M., & Gerling, K. (2025). Gameplay or Gametrap? A Closer Look at Deceptive Patterns in Nintendo Switch Games Popular Among Children.
  • Bongard-Blanchy, K., Rossi, A., Rivas, S., Doublet, S., Koenig, V., & Lenzini, G. (2021, June). “I am Definitely Manipulated, Even When I am Aware of it. It’s Ridiculous!”-Dark Patterns from the End-User Perspective. In Proceedings of the 2021 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference (pp. 763-776).
  • Böcüoğlu Bodur, A. (10 Ağustos 2023). Anadolu Ajansı, "Karanlık ticari tasarımlar" Reklam Kurulunun radarına girdi, Erişim Tarihi: 14.06.2025, https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/ekonomi/karanlik-ticari-tasarimlar-reklam-kurulunun-radarina-girdi/2964843
  • Böcüoğlu Bodur, A. (18 Mayıs 2025). Reklam Kurulu, yanıltıcı reklamlara 5 ayda yaklaşık 125,3 milyon lira ceza kesti, Anadolu Ajansı, Erişim Tarihi: 14.06.2025, https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/ekonomi/reklam-kurulu-yaniltici-reklamlara-5-ayda-yaklasik-125-3-milyon-lira-ceza-kesti/3572147
  • Brignull, H. (2023). Deceptive patterns: Exposing the tricks tech companies use to control you. Testimonium Ltd.
  • Brignull, H. (2011). Dark patterns: Deception vs. Honesty in UI Design. Interaction Design, Usability, 338, 2-4.
  • Brignull, H., Leiser, M., Santos, C. & Doshi, K. (2010). Deceptive patterns: User interfaces designed to trick people. Erişim Tarihi: 24.08.2025, https://old.deceptive.design/main_page/index.html
  • CCPA (2023). Guidelines for Prevention and Regulation of Dark Patterns, 2023, Erişim Tarihi: 24.08.2025, https://www.taxtmi.com/article/detailed?id=14083&utm_source=chatgpt.com
  • California Privacy Rights Act (2022). Erişim Tarihi: 14.06.2025, https://cppa.ca.gov/meetings/materials/ 20220608_item3.pdf
  • Chen, Z., Shen, J., & Vaccaro, K. (2025). Hidden Darkness in LLM-Generated Designs: Exploring Dark Patterns in Ecommerce Web Components Generated by LLMs. arXiv preprint arXiv:2502.13499.
  • Contexte (2025). "Une consultation publique sur le Digital Fairness Act fleurira au printemps 2025”, Erişim Tarihi: 14.06.2025, https://www.contexte.com/fr/actualite/tech/une-consultation-publique-sur-le-digital-fairness-act-fleurira-au-printemps-2025_210438?go-back-to-briefitem=210438
  • Curley, A., O'Sullivan, D., Gordon, D., Tierney, B., & Stavrakakis, I. (2021). The Design of a framework for the detection of web-based dark patterns.
  • Data Act Proposal (2022). Proposal for a REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on harmonised rules on fair access to and use of data (Data Act). https://eur- lex.europa.eu/legal- content/EN/TXT/?uri=COM%3A2022% 3A68%3AFIN
  • Di Geronimo, L., Braz, L., Fregnan, E., Palomba, F., & Bacchelli, A. (2020, April). UI dark patterns and where to find them: a study on mobile applications and user perception. In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems (pp. 1-14).
  • DSA-Digital Markets Act-Regulation (EU) 2022/1925 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 September 2022 on contestable and fair markets in the digital sector and amending Directives (EU) 2019/1937 and (EU) 2020/1828 (Digital Markets Act) (Text with EEA relevance). http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2022/ 1925/oj
  • Fay, J. (12 Temmuz 2024a). Elon Musk’s blue tick scheme for X may be a ‘dark pattern’, European Commission claims, Erişim Tarihi: 14.06.2025, https://www.thestack.technology/elon-musks-blue-tick-scheme-for-x-may-be-a-dark-pattern-european-commission-claims/
  • Fay, J. (11 Temmuz 2024b). Most digital businesses now use ‘dark patterns’ to manipulate consumers, FTC warns, Erişim Tarihi: 14.06.2025, https://www.thestack.technology/dark-patterns-ftc/
  • Fair Patterns (2025). About Fair Patterns. Erişim Tarihi: 21.08.205, https://fairpatterns.com/
  • FTC (2022). Bringing Dark Patterns to Light: An FTC Staff Report. Washington, D.C.: Federal Trade Commission, Erişim Tarihi: 21.08.2025, https://www.ftc.gov/reports/bringing-dark-patterns-light
  • FTC (2024). FTC, ICPEN, GPEN Announce Results of Review of Use of Dark Patterns Affecting Subscription Services, Privacy, 10.07.2024, Erişim Tarihi: 14.08.2025, https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/07/ftc-icpen-gpen-announce-results-review-use-dark-patterns-affecting-subscription-services-privacy?ref=thestack.technology
  • Gray, C. M., Santos, C. T., Tong, N., Mildner, T., Rossi, A., Gunawan, J. T., & Sinders, C. (2023, April). Dark patterns and the emerging threats of deceptive design practices. In Extended Abstracts of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 1-4).
  • Greenberg, S., Boring, S., Vermeulen, J., & Dostal, J. (2014, June). Dark patterns in proxemic interactions: a critical perspective. In Proceedings of the 2014 conference on Designing interactive systems (pp. 523-532).
  • Hausner, P., & Gertz, M. (2021). Dark patterns in the interaction with cookie banners. arXiv preprint arXiv:2103.14956.
  • Hoffman, D. D., Singh, M., & Prakash, C. (2015). The interface theory of perception. Psychonomic bulletin & review, 22, 1480-1506. KFTC (22 Ağustos 2023). Issues Guidelines on Self-Management of Dark Patterns, Erişim Tarihi: 14.06.2025, https://www.kimchang.com/en/insights/detail.kc?sch_section=4&idx=27878
  • Kim, H., Sefcik, J. S., & Bradway, C. (2017). Characteristics of qualitative descriptive studies: A systematic review. Research in nursing & health, 40(1), 23-42.
  • Lacey, C., & Caudwell, C. (2019, March). Cuteness as a ‘dark pattern’in home robots. In 2019 14th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) (pp. 374-381). IEEE.
  • LeBlanc, K. (4 Şubat 2025). Advancing Dark Pattern Reform for Consumer Protection, Information Today, Erişim Tarihi: 14.06.2025, https://newsbreaks.infotoday.com/NewsBreaks/Advancing-Dark-Pattern-Reform-for-Consumer-Protection-167615.asp?utm_source=chatgpt.com
  • Mamidwar, A., & Bhutkar, G. (2024). An Overview of Guidelines on Dark Patterns.
  • Mathur, A., Acar, G., Friedman, M. J., Lucherini, E., Mayer, J., Chetty, M., & Narayanan, A. (2019). Dark patterns at scale: Findings from a crawl of 11K shopping websites. Proceedings of the ACM on human-computer interaction, 3(CSCW), 1-32.
  • Mathur, A., Kshirsagar, M., & Mayer, J. (2021, May). What makes a dark pattern... dark? Design attributes, normative considerations, and measurement methods. In Proceedings of the 2021 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems (pp. 1-18).
  • Mildner, T., & Savino, G. L. (2021, May). Ethical user interfaces: Exploring the effects of dark patterns on facebook. In Extended Abstracts of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 1-7).
  • Mills, S., & Whittle, R. (2023). Detecting Dark Patterns Using Generative AI: Some Preliminary Results. Available at SSRN 4614907.
  • Newall, P. (2025). Sludge, dark patterns and dark nudges: A taxonomy of on‐line gambling platforms' deceptive design features. Addiction, (pp.1-8).
  • Norberg, P. A., Horne, D. R., & Horne, D. A. (2007). The privacy paradox: Personal information disclosure intentions versus behaviors. Journal of consumer affairs, 41(1), 100-126.
  • OAIC (2024). GPEN Sweep finds majority of websites and mobile apps use deceptive design to influence privacy choices, Erişim Tarihi: 14.08.2025, https://www.oaic.gov.au/news/media-centre/gpen-sweep-finds-majority-of-websites-and-mobile-apps-use-deceptive-design-to-influence-privacy-choices
  • Ramirez, G. N., Spivack, J., & David-John, B. (2024, March). Deceptive Patterns and Perceptual Risks in an Eye-Tracked Virtual Reality. In 2024 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW) (pp. 341-344). IEEE.
  • Ramteke, A., Tembhurne, S., Sonawane, G., & Bhimanpallewar, R. N. (2024). Detecting Deceptive Dark Patterns in E-commerce Platforms. arXiv preprint arXiv:2406.01608.
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A Study on the Typology of Deceptive Design Patterns: A Descriptive Analysis of User Complaints Relating to Various Brands on the Şikayetvar Platform

Year 2025, Issue: 43, 137 - 166, 25.12.2025

Bilge Şenyüz

Abstract

Deceptive patterns are design models that manipulate users’ decision-making on online platforms. They guide choices and behaviors. Numerous forms exist, varying with context and purpose, and in recent years have been declared unlawful under several national and international regulations. The present study first classified deceptive design patterns identified in the literature to establish a typology. Within the framework of interface perception theory, a descriptive analysis was conducted using complaints from Şikayetvar, Türkiye’s main consumer complaint platform. Examples revealed how various brands employ deceptive elements, providing concrete cases from the Turkish digital ecosystem. Findings indicate that users’ decisions are significantly shaped by these patterns, underlining the need for regulatory mechanisms that address not only content but also design practices. It was concluded that regulators, technology and design companies, as well as civil society organizations emphasizing ethics should contribute to tackling deceptive design patterns.

Keywords

Deceptive design dark design user experience manipulation ethics interface design

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There are 52 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Communication Technology and Digital Media Studies, Internet, Media Literacy
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Bilge Şenyüz 0000-0001-8717-6487

Submission Date June 22, 2025
Acceptance Date December 12, 2025
Publication Date December 25, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Issue: 43

Cite

APA Şenyüz, B. (2025). Aldatıcı Tasarım Kalıplarının Tipolojisi Üzerine Bir İnceleme: Şikayetvar Platformunda Farklı Markalara İlişkin Kullanıcı Şikayetlerinin Betimsel Analizi. Galatasaray Üniversitesi İletişim Dergisi(43), 137-166. https://doi.org/10.16878/gsuilet.1724701

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