Araştırma Makalesi
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Source of Online News: Copy-paste Journalism in Turkish Online News Websites

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 33, 5 - 31, 30.12.2020

Duygu Temel

https://doi.org/10.16878/gsuilet.661144

Öz

The aim of the study is to empirically demonstrate the homogenization of the content of Turkish language news sites and to discuss the reasons of this situation. To do this, it was researched to what extent these sites produce original news and to what extent they are dependent on external sources. The data was obtained by content analysis, carried out on 1,835 news items collected from the home pages of the ten sites, between March 19 and May 6, to form a week. The temporal anteriority and the textual similarity/structure were criteria of identification of the original sources. The result of the study was that production of original news is extremely limited at the sites analyzed, with 91.11% of news being copies, to varying degrees, of news published elsewhere. This shows above all the dominance of news agencies in the news production process.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Online journalism content diversity news sources copy-paste journalism

Kaynakça

  • Araslı, O. (2011). İnternet ve İnternet Haberciliği: Türkiye’deki Popüler Haber Sitelerinin Etiksel Açıdan İncelenmesi. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi, Selçuk Üniversitesi.
  • Arsan, E. (2011). Sivil İtaatsizlik Bağlamında Bir Araştırma: Gazeteci Gözüyle Sansür ve Otosansür. Cogito, 67, 1–29. İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
  • Baker, C.E. (2002). Media markets and democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Baker, C.E. (2007). Media concentration and democracy: Why ownership matters?. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Barnhurst, K.G. ve Nerone, J. (2001). The Form of News: A History. New York: Guilford.
  • Boczkowski, P. J. ve De Santos, M. (2007). When more media equals less news: Patterns of content homogenization in Argentina’s leading print and online newspapers. Political Communication, 24(2), 167–180.
  • Boczkowski, P.J. (2009). Materiality and mimicry in journalism field. B. Zelizer, (Ed.) The Changing Faces of Journalism içinde (56-67). London: Routledge.
  • Boczkowski, P.J. (2010). News at Work: Imitation in an Age of Information Abundance. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Boumans, J. W. (2016). Outsourcing the news? An empirical assessment of the role of sources and news agencies in the contemporary news landscape. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi, University of Amsterdam.
  • Cagé, J. (2016). Medyayı Kurtarmak. (M. Erşen, Çev.). İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Champion, K. (2015). Measuring Content Diversity in a Multi-Platform Context. The Political Economy of Communication, 3(1), 39–56.
  • Çevikel, T. (2004). Türkçe Haber Siteleri ve Türkiye’de İnternet Gazeteciliğinin Gelişimini Sınırlayan Faktörler. Galatasaray Üniversitesi İletişim Dergisi, 1(1), 147–163.
  • Davies, N. (2008). Flat Earth News: An Award-Winning Reporter Exposes Falsehood, Distortion and Propaganda in the Global Media. London: Chatto & Windus.
  • Demir, S. (2016). Muhabirlerin Çalışma Yaşamı: Sınırlar ve Sorunlar. İletişim: Araştırmaları Dergisi, 14(1), 75-95.
  • Deuze, M. ve Paulussen, S. (2002). Online journalism in the low countries. European Journal of Communication, 17(2), 237–245.
  • Deuze, M. (2008). The changing context of news work: Liquid journalism and monitorial citizenship. International Journal of Communication, 2, 848–865.
  • Doudaki, V., ve Spyridou, L. P. (2013). Print and Online News. Journalism Studies, 14(6), 907–925.
  • Doudaki, V., ve Spyridou, L. P. (2015). News content online: Patterns and norms under convergence dynamics. Journalism, 16(2), 257–277.
  • Erdal, I. J. (2009). Cross-media (re)production cultures. Convergence, 15(2), 215–231.
  • Frijters, P., ve Velamuri, M. (2010). Is the Internet Bad News? The Online News Era and the Market for High-Quality News. Review of Network Economics, 9(2), Article 2.
  • Gans, H. J. (1979). Deciding What’s News: A Study of CBS Evening News, NBC Nightly News, Newsweek, and Time. New York: Pantheon Books.
  • García, E. P. (2008). Print and online newsrooms in Argentinean media. C. Paterson ve D. Domingo (Ed.), Making Online News içinde (45-60). New York: Peter Lang.
  • Goyette-Côté, M. O., Carbasse, R., ve George, É. (2012). Converging Journalism: Producing and publishing for multi-platform conglomerates in Canada. Journalism Studies, 13(5–6), 753–762.
  • Horwitz, R. B. (2005). On Media Concentration and the Diversity Question. The Information Society, 21(3), 181–204.
  • İnce, D. (2019). Online Gazetecilikte Üretim ve Dağıtım Pratikleri Üzerine: Beklentiler ve Gerçekler Arasında. Journal of International Social Research, 12(62), 1378-1387.
  • Johnston, J., ve Forde, S. (2009). “Not Wrong for Long”: the Role and Penetration of News Wire Agencies in the 24/7 News Landscape. Global Media Journal: Australian Edition, 3(2), 1–16.
  • Johnston, J., ve Forde, S. (2011). The silent partner: News agencies and 21st century news. International Journal of Communication, 5, 195–214.
  • Karlsson, M., ve Strömbäck, J. (2010). Freezing the flow of online news: Exploring approaches to the study of the liquidity of online news. Journalism Studies, 11(1), 2–19.
  • Kerlinger, F. (1973). Foundations Of Behavioral Research. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
  • Killebrew, K.C. (2005). Managing Media Convergence. Ames, IA: Blackwell Publishing.
  • Klinenberg, E. (2005). Convergence: News Production in a Digital Age. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 597(January), 48–64.
  • Kranenburg, H. van. (2006). Strategic options for the newspaper publishing companies. Advances in Communications and Media Research, Volume 3, 85–97.
  • Lewis, J., Williams, A., Franklin, B., Thomas, J., ve Mosdell, N. (2006). The Quality and Independence of British Journalism. Cardiff: Cardiff University.
  • Martin, F. (2015). The case for curatorial journalism... or, can you really be an ethical aggregator? D. Craig ve L. Zion (Ed.), Ethics for digital journalists: Emerging best practices içinde (87–102). New York: Routledge.
  • McChesney, R.W. (2013). Digital disconnect. New York: The New Press.
  • Napoli, P. M. (2011). Exposure Diversity Reconsidered. Journal of Information Policy, 1, 246–259.
  • Paterson, C. (2007). International news on the Internet: Why more is less. Ethical Space: The International Journal of Communication Ethics, 4(1/2), 57–66.
  • Phillips, A. (2010). Transparency and the New Ethics of Journalism. Journalism Practice, 4(3), 373–382.
  • Picard, R. G. (2010). Value Creation and the Future of News Organizations. Lisbon: Editora Media XXI.
  • Quandt, T. (2008). News tuning and content management: An observation study of old and new routines German online newsrooms. C. Paterson ve D. Domingo (Ed.), Making Online News içinde (77–97). New York: Peter Lang.
  • Redden, J. ve Witschge, T. (2010). A New News Order? Online News Content Examined. N. Fenton (Ed.), New Media, Old News içinde (171–186). London: Sage.
  • Reich, Z. (2010). Constrained authors: Bylines and authorship in news reporting. Journalism, 11(6), 707–725.
  • Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism. (2018). Digital News Report 2018. Erişim 20 Haziran 2018, https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/digital-news-report- 2018.pdf.
  • Rosensteil, T. (2005). Political Polling and the New Media Culture: A Case of More Being Less. Public Opinion Quarterly, 69(5), 698–715.
  • Saridou, T., Spyridou L-P., ve Veglis, A. (2017). Churnalism on the Rise?, Digital Journalism, 5(8), 1006-1024.
  • Sarova, D. (2019). Kim Kazanacak: Kopyala yapıştır yayıncılığına karşı özgün habercilik. Erişim 22 Ekim 2020, https://journo.com.tr/ozgunluk-kopyala-yapistir-medya.
  • Scott, B. (2005). A Contemporary History of Digital Journalism. Television & New Media, 6(1), 89–126.
  • Singer, J. B. (2003). Who are these guys?: The online challenge to the notion of journalistic professionalism. Journalism, 4(2), 139–163.
  • Sissons, H. (2012). Journalism and Public Relations. A Tale of Two Discourses. Discourse & Communication, 6(3), 273–294.
  • Skärlund, S. (2010). The Recycling of News in Swedish Newspapers. Nordicom Review, 41(1), 69-84.
  • Şenyüz, M. (2018). Gazeteciliğin merdiven altı: İnternet haberciliği ve gelecek güzel günler. Erişim 15 Şubat 2018, https://journo.com.tr/internet-haberciligi-nereye-gidiyor.
  • Thurman, N., & Myllylahti, M. (2009). Taking The Paper Out Of News. Journalism Studies, 10(5), 691–708.
  • Tuchman, G. (1972). Objectivity as a Strategic Ritual. American Journal of Sociology, 77(4), 660–679.
  • Uzunoğlu, S. (2015). Türkiye’de Internet gazeteciliği: Xn’den bugüne ne değişti?. Erişim 14 Mayıs 2018, http://platform24.org/haber-arastirma/1060/turkiye-de-internet-gazeteciligi--xn-den-bugune-ne-degisti.
  • Vobic, I., ve Milojevic, A. (2014). “What we do is not actually journalism”: Role negotiations in online departments of two newspapers in Slovenia and Serbia. Journalism, 15(8), 1023–1040.
  • Van Leuven, S., Deprez, A., ve Raeymaeckers, K. (2013). Towards more balanced news access? A study on the impact of cost-cutting and Web 2.0 on the mediated public sphere. Journalism, 15(7), 850–867.
  • Van Cuilenburg, J. (1999). On competition, access and diversity in media, old and new: Some remarks for communications policy in the information age. New Media and Society, 1(2), 183–207.
  • WAN-IFRA (2017). World Press Trends 2017. Erişim 20 Haziran 2018, https://www.wanifra.org/reports/2017/10/10/world-press-trends-2017.
  • WAN-IFRA (2018). World Press Trends 2018. Erişim 15 Temmuz 2019, https:// www.wan-ifra.org/reports/2018/09/29/world-press-trends-2018.
  • Welbers, K., van Atteveldt, W., Kleinnijenhuis, J., ve Ruigrok, N. (2018). A Gatekeeper among Gatekeepers: News agency influence in print and online newspapers in the Netherlands. Journalism Studies, 19(3), 315–333.

Çevrimiçi Haberin Kaynağı: Türkçe Haber Sitelerinde Kopyala-Yapıştır Habercilik

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 33, 5 - 31, 30.12.2020

Duygu Temel

https://doi.org/10.16878/gsuilet.661144

Öz

Çalışma, Türkçe haber sitelerinin ne ölçüde özgün haber üretimi gerçekleştirdiği ve haber üretiminde haber ajansları gibi kurum dışı kaynaklara ne oranda bağımlı olduğunu tespit ederek kopya içeriği ampirik olarak ortaya koymayı ve bu durumun nedenlerini tartışmayı amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri içerik analizi yöntemiyle elde edilmiştir. İçerik analizi, on Türkçe internet haber sitesinin ana sayfalarından 19 Mart ve 6 Mayıs 2018 tarihleri arasındaki dönemde bir kompozit hafta boyunca toplanan 1835 haber üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Haberlerin
kaynakları, zamansal öncelik ve metin benzerliği/yapısı gibi araştırma kapsamında belirlenen kriterler çerçevesinde tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma neticesinde Türkçe haber sitelerinde özgün haber üretiminin son derece kısıtlı olduğu ve haberlerin tamamına yakınının (%91,11) daha önce başka sitelerde yayımlanmış haberlerin çeşitli derecelerdeki kopyaları olduğu ortaya konulmuştur. Bulgular, haber üretim sürecinde özellikle haber ajanslarının hâkimiyetini ortaya koyarken araştırmanın sonuçları bu yönden önceki çalışmalarla benzerlik göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

içerik çeşitliliği haber kaynakları kopyala yapıştır habercilik İnternet gazeteciliği

Kaynakça

  • Araslı, O. (2011). İnternet ve İnternet Haberciliği: Türkiye’deki Popüler Haber Sitelerinin Etiksel Açıdan İncelenmesi. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi, Selçuk Üniversitesi.
  • Arsan, E. (2011). Sivil İtaatsizlik Bağlamında Bir Araştırma: Gazeteci Gözüyle Sansür ve Otosansür. Cogito, 67, 1–29. İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
  • Baker, C.E. (2002). Media markets and democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Baker, C.E. (2007). Media concentration and democracy: Why ownership matters?. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Barnhurst, K.G. ve Nerone, J. (2001). The Form of News: A History. New York: Guilford.
  • Boczkowski, P. J. ve De Santos, M. (2007). When more media equals less news: Patterns of content homogenization in Argentina’s leading print and online newspapers. Political Communication, 24(2), 167–180.
  • Boczkowski, P.J. (2009). Materiality and mimicry in journalism field. B. Zelizer, (Ed.) The Changing Faces of Journalism içinde (56-67). London: Routledge.
  • Boczkowski, P.J. (2010). News at Work: Imitation in an Age of Information Abundance. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Boumans, J. W. (2016). Outsourcing the news? An empirical assessment of the role of sources and news agencies in the contemporary news landscape. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi, University of Amsterdam.
  • Cagé, J. (2016). Medyayı Kurtarmak. (M. Erşen, Çev.). İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Champion, K. (2015). Measuring Content Diversity in a Multi-Platform Context. The Political Economy of Communication, 3(1), 39–56.
  • Çevikel, T. (2004). Türkçe Haber Siteleri ve Türkiye’de İnternet Gazeteciliğinin Gelişimini Sınırlayan Faktörler. Galatasaray Üniversitesi İletişim Dergisi, 1(1), 147–163.
  • Davies, N. (2008). Flat Earth News: An Award-Winning Reporter Exposes Falsehood, Distortion and Propaganda in the Global Media. London: Chatto & Windus.
  • Demir, S. (2016). Muhabirlerin Çalışma Yaşamı: Sınırlar ve Sorunlar. İletişim: Araştırmaları Dergisi, 14(1), 75-95.
  • Deuze, M. ve Paulussen, S. (2002). Online journalism in the low countries. European Journal of Communication, 17(2), 237–245.
  • Deuze, M. (2008). The changing context of news work: Liquid journalism and monitorial citizenship. International Journal of Communication, 2, 848–865.
  • Doudaki, V., ve Spyridou, L. P. (2013). Print and Online News. Journalism Studies, 14(6), 907–925.
  • Doudaki, V., ve Spyridou, L. P. (2015). News content online: Patterns and norms under convergence dynamics. Journalism, 16(2), 257–277.
  • Erdal, I. J. (2009). Cross-media (re)production cultures. Convergence, 15(2), 215–231.
  • Frijters, P., ve Velamuri, M. (2010). Is the Internet Bad News? The Online News Era and the Market for High-Quality News. Review of Network Economics, 9(2), Article 2.
  • Gans, H. J. (1979). Deciding What’s News: A Study of CBS Evening News, NBC Nightly News, Newsweek, and Time. New York: Pantheon Books.
  • García, E. P. (2008). Print and online newsrooms in Argentinean media. C. Paterson ve D. Domingo (Ed.), Making Online News içinde (45-60). New York: Peter Lang.
  • Goyette-Côté, M. O., Carbasse, R., ve George, É. (2012). Converging Journalism: Producing and publishing for multi-platform conglomerates in Canada. Journalism Studies, 13(5–6), 753–762.
  • Horwitz, R. B. (2005). On Media Concentration and the Diversity Question. The Information Society, 21(3), 181–204.
  • İnce, D. (2019). Online Gazetecilikte Üretim ve Dağıtım Pratikleri Üzerine: Beklentiler ve Gerçekler Arasında. Journal of International Social Research, 12(62), 1378-1387.
  • Johnston, J., ve Forde, S. (2009). “Not Wrong for Long”: the Role and Penetration of News Wire Agencies in the 24/7 News Landscape. Global Media Journal: Australian Edition, 3(2), 1–16.
  • Johnston, J., ve Forde, S. (2011). The silent partner: News agencies and 21st century news. International Journal of Communication, 5, 195–214.
  • Karlsson, M., ve Strömbäck, J. (2010). Freezing the flow of online news: Exploring approaches to the study of the liquidity of online news. Journalism Studies, 11(1), 2–19.
  • Kerlinger, F. (1973). Foundations Of Behavioral Research. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
  • Killebrew, K.C. (2005). Managing Media Convergence. Ames, IA: Blackwell Publishing.
  • Klinenberg, E. (2005). Convergence: News Production in a Digital Age. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 597(January), 48–64.
  • Kranenburg, H. van. (2006). Strategic options for the newspaper publishing companies. Advances in Communications and Media Research, Volume 3, 85–97.
  • Lewis, J., Williams, A., Franklin, B., Thomas, J., ve Mosdell, N. (2006). The Quality and Independence of British Journalism. Cardiff: Cardiff University.
  • Martin, F. (2015). The case for curatorial journalism... or, can you really be an ethical aggregator? D. Craig ve L. Zion (Ed.), Ethics for digital journalists: Emerging best practices içinde (87–102). New York: Routledge.
  • McChesney, R.W. (2013). Digital disconnect. New York: The New Press.
  • Napoli, P. M. (2011). Exposure Diversity Reconsidered. Journal of Information Policy, 1, 246–259.
  • Paterson, C. (2007). International news on the Internet: Why more is less. Ethical Space: The International Journal of Communication Ethics, 4(1/2), 57–66.
  • Phillips, A. (2010). Transparency and the New Ethics of Journalism. Journalism Practice, 4(3), 373–382.
  • Picard, R. G. (2010). Value Creation and the Future of News Organizations. Lisbon: Editora Media XXI.
  • Quandt, T. (2008). News tuning and content management: An observation study of old and new routines German online newsrooms. C. Paterson ve D. Domingo (Ed.), Making Online News içinde (77–97). New York: Peter Lang.
  • Redden, J. ve Witschge, T. (2010). A New News Order? Online News Content Examined. N. Fenton (Ed.), New Media, Old News içinde (171–186). London: Sage.
  • Reich, Z. (2010). Constrained authors: Bylines and authorship in news reporting. Journalism, 11(6), 707–725.
  • Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism. (2018). Digital News Report 2018. Erişim 20 Haziran 2018, https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/digital-news-report- 2018.pdf.
  • Rosensteil, T. (2005). Political Polling and the New Media Culture: A Case of More Being Less. Public Opinion Quarterly, 69(5), 698–715.
  • Saridou, T., Spyridou L-P., ve Veglis, A. (2017). Churnalism on the Rise?, Digital Journalism, 5(8), 1006-1024.
  • Sarova, D. (2019). Kim Kazanacak: Kopyala yapıştır yayıncılığına karşı özgün habercilik. Erişim 22 Ekim 2020, https://journo.com.tr/ozgunluk-kopyala-yapistir-medya.
  • Scott, B. (2005). A Contemporary History of Digital Journalism. Television & New Media, 6(1), 89–126.
  • Singer, J. B. (2003). Who are these guys?: The online challenge to the notion of journalistic professionalism. Journalism, 4(2), 139–163.
  • Sissons, H. (2012). Journalism and Public Relations. A Tale of Two Discourses. Discourse & Communication, 6(3), 273–294.
  • Skärlund, S. (2010). The Recycling of News in Swedish Newspapers. Nordicom Review, 41(1), 69-84.
  • Şenyüz, M. (2018). Gazeteciliğin merdiven altı: İnternet haberciliği ve gelecek güzel günler. Erişim 15 Şubat 2018, https://journo.com.tr/internet-haberciligi-nereye-gidiyor.
  • Thurman, N., & Myllylahti, M. (2009). Taking The Paper Out Of News. Journalism Studies, 10(5), 691–708.
  • Tuchman, G. (1972). Objectivity as a Strategic Ritual. American Journal of Sociology, 77(4), 660–679.
  • Uzunoğlu, S. (2015). Türkiye’de Internet gazeteciliği: Xn’den bugüne ne değişti?. Erişim 14 Mayıs 2018, http://platform24.org/haber-arastirma/1060/turkiye-de-internet-gazeteciligi--xn-den-bugune-ne-degisti.
  • Vobic, I., ve Milojevic, A. (2014). “What we do is not actually journalism”: Role negotiations in online departments of two newspapers in Slovenia and Serbia. Journalism, 15(8), 1023–1040.
  • Van Leuven, S., Deprez, A., ve Raeymaeckers, K. (2013). Towards more balanced news access? A study on the impact of cost-cutting and Web 2.0 on the mediated public sphere. Journalism, 15(7), 850–867.
  • Van Cuilenburg, J. (1999). On competition, access and diversity in media, old and new: Some remarks for communications policy in the information age. New Media and Society, 1(2), 183–207.
  • WAN-IFRA (2017). World Press Trends 2017. Erişim 20 Haziran 2018, https://www.wanifra.org/reports/2017/10/10/world-press-trends-2017.
  • WAN-IFRA (2018). World Press Trends 2018. Erişim 15 Temmuz 2019, https:// www.wan-ifra.org/reports/2018/09/29/world-press-trends-2018.
  • Welbers, K., van Atteveldt, W., Kleinnijenhuis, J., ve Ruigrok, N. (2018). A Gatekeeper among Gatekeepers: News agency influence in print and online newspapers in the Netherlands. Journalism Studies, 19(3), 315–333.

Source des nouvelles en ligne : le journalisme du copié-collé dans les sites d’information en turc

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 33, 5 - 31, 30.12.2020

Duygu Temel

https://doi.org/10.16878/gsuilet.661144

Öz

L’objectif de l’étude est de démontrer empiriquement l’homogénéisation du contenu des sites d’information en langue turc et de discuter les raisons de cette situation. Pour ce faire, il a été recherché dans quelle mesure ces sites produisent des nouvelles originales et dans quelle mesure ils sont dépendants des sources externes. Les données ont été obtenues par l’analyse du contenu, réalisée sur 1835 nouvelles recueillies à partir des pages d’accueil des dix sites, entre le 19 mars et le 6 mai, de sorte de former une semaine de manière composite. L’antériorité temporelle et la similarité/structure textuelle furent des critères d’identification des sources originelles. Le résultat de l’étude fut que la production des nouvelles originales est extrêmement limitée dans les sites analysés, le 91,11% des nouvelles étant des copies, à des divers degrés, des nouvelles publiées ailleurs. Cela montre surtout la domination des agences de presse dans le processus de production des nouvelles.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Journalisme internet diversité du contenu sources d'information journalisme du copié/collé

Kaynakça

  • Araslı, O. (2011). İnternet ve İnternet Haberciliği: Türkiye’deki Popüler Haber Sitelerinin Etiksel Açıdan İncelenmesi. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi, Selçuk Üniversitesi.
  • Arsan, E. (2011). Sivil İtaatsizlik Bağlamında Bir Araştırma: Gazeteci Gözüyle Sansür ve Otosansür. Cogito, 67, 1–29. İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
  • Baker, C.E. (2002). Media markets and democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Baker, C.E. (2007). Media concentration and democracy: Why ownership matters?. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Barnhurst, K.G. ve Nerone, J. (2001). The Form of News: A History. New York: Guilford.
  • Boczkowski, P. J. ve De Santos, M. (2007). When more media equals less news: Patterns of content homogenization in Argentina’s leading print and online newspapers. Political Communication, 24(2), 167–180.
  • Boczkowski, P.J. (2009). Materiality and mimicry in journalism field. B. Zelizer, (Ed.) The Changing Faces of Journalism içinde (56-67). London: Routledge.
  • Boczkowski, P.J. (2010). News at Work: Imitation in an Age of Information Abundance. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Boumans, J. W. (2016). Outsourcing the news? An empirical assessment of the role of sources and news agencies in the contemporary news landscape. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi, University of Amsterdam.
  • Cagé, J. (2016). Medyayı Kurtarmak. (M. Erşen, Çev.). İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Champion, K. (2015). Measuring Content Diversity in a Multi-Platform Context. The Political Economy of Communication, 3(1), 39–56.
  • Çevikel, T. (2004). Türkçe Haber Siteleri ve Türkiye’de İnternet Gazeteciliğinin Gelişimini Sınırlayan Faktörler. Galatasaray Üniversitesi İletişim Dergisi, 1(1), 147–163.
  • Davies, N. (2008). Flat Earth News: An Award-Winning Reporter Exposes Falsehood, Distortion and Propaganda in the Global Media. London: Chatto & Windus.
  • Demir, S. (2016). Muhabirlerin Çalışma Yaşamı: Sınırlar ve Sorunlar. İletişim: Araştırmaları Dergisi, 14(1), 75-95.
  • Deuze, M. ve Paulussen, S. (2002). Online journalism in the low countries. European Journal of Communication, 17(2), 237–245.
  • Deuze, M. (2008). The changing context of news work: Liquid journalism and monitorial citizenship. International Journal of Communication, 2, 848–865.
  • Doudaki, V., ve Spyridou, L. P. (2013). Print and Online News. Journalism Studies, 14(6), 907–925.
  • Doudaki, V., ve Spyridou, L. P. (2015). News content online: Patterns and norms under convergence dynamics. Journalism, 16(2), 257–277.
  • Erdal, I. J. (2009). Cross-media (re)production cultures. Convergence, 15(2), 215–231.
  • Frijters, P., ve Velamuri, M. (2010). Is the Internet Bad News? The Online News Era and the Market for High-Quality News. Review of Network Economics, 9(2), Article 2.
  • Gans, H. J. (1979). Deciding What’s News: A Study of CBS Evening News, NBC Nightly News, Newsweek, and Time. New York: Pantheon Books.
  • García, E. P. (2008). Print and online newsrooms in Argentinean media. C. Paterson ve D. Domingo (Ed.), Making Online News içinde (45-60). New York: Peter Lang.
  • Goyette-Côté, M. O., Carbasse, R., ve George, É. (2012). Converging Journalism: Producing and publishing for multi-platform conglomerates in Canada. Journalism Studies, 13(5–6), 753–762.
  • Horwitz, R. B. (2005). On Media Concentration and the Diversity Question. The Information Society, 21(3), 181–204.
  • İnce, D. (2019). Online Gazetecilikte Üretim ve Dağıtım Pratikleri Üzerine: Beklentiler ve Gerçekler Arasında. Journal of International Social Research, 12(62), 1378-1387.
  • Johnston, J., ve Forde, S. (2009). “Not Wrong for Long”: the Role and Penetration of News Wire Agencies in the 24/7 News Landscape. Global Media Journal: Australian Edition, 3(2), 1–16.
  • Johnston, J., ve Forde, S. (2011). The silent partner: News agencies and 21st century news. International Journal of Communication, 5, 195–214.
  • Karlsson, M., ve Strömbäck, J. (2010). Freezing the flow of online news: Exploring approaches to the study of the liquidity of online news. Journalism Studies, 11(1), 2–19.
  • Kerlinger, F. (1973). Foundations Of Behavioral Research. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
  • Killebrew, K.C. (2005). Managing Media Convergence. Ames, IA: Blackwell Publishing.
  • Klinenberg, E. (2005). Convergence: News Production in a Digital Age. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 597(January), 48–64.
  • Kranenburg, H. van. (2006). Strategic options for the newspaper publishing companies. Advances in Communications and Media Research, Volume 3, 85–97.
  • Lewis, J., Williams, A., Franklin, B., Thomas, J., ve Mosdell, N. (2006). The Quality and Independence of British Journalism. Cardiff: Cardiff University.
  • Martin, F. (2015). The case for curatorial journalism... or, can you really be an ethical aggregator? D. Craig ve L. Zion (Ed.), Ethics for digital journalists: Emerging best practices içinde (87–102). New York: Routledge.
  • McChesney, R.W. (2013). Digital disconnect. New York: The New Press.
  • Napoli, P. M. (2011). Exposure Diversity Reconsidered. Journal of Information Policy, 1, 246–259.
  • Paterson, C. (2007). International news on the Internet: Why more is less. Ethical Space: The International Journal of Communication Ethics, 4(1/2), 57–66.
  • Phillips, A. (2010). Transparency and the New Ethics of Journalism. Journalism Practice, 4(3), 373–382.
  • Picard, R. G. (2010). Value Creation and the Future of News Organizations. Lisbon: Editora Media XXI.
  • Quandt, T. (2008). News tuning and content management: An observation study of old and new routines German online newsrooms. C. Paterson ve D. Domingo (Ed.), Making Online News içinde (77–97). New York: Peter Lang.
  • Redden, J. ve Witschge, T. (2010). A New News Order? Online News Content Examined. N. Fenton (Ed.), New Media, Old News içinde (171–186). London: Sage.
  • Reich, Z. (2010). Constrained authors: Bylines and authorship in news reporting. Journalism, 11(6), 707–725.
  • Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism. (2018). Digital News Report 2018. Erişim 20 Haziran 2018, https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/digital-news-report- 2018.pdf.
  • Rosensteil, T. (2005). Political Polling and the New Media Culture: A Case of More Being Less. Public Opinion Quarterly, 69(5), 698–715.
  • Saridou, T., Spyridou L-P., ve Veglis, A. (2017). Churnalism on the Rise?, Digital Journalism, 5(8), 1006-1024.
  • Sarova, D. (2019). Kim Kazanacak: Kopyala yapıştır yayıncılığına karşı özgün habercilik. Erişim 22 Ekim 2020, https://journo.com.tr/ozgunluk-kopyala-yapistir-medya.
  • Scott, B. (2005). A Contemporary History of Digital Journalism. Television & New Media, 6(1), 89–126.
  • Singer, J. B. (2003). Who are these guys?: The online challenge to the notion of journalistic professionalism. Journalism, 4(2), 139–163.
  • Sissons, H. (2012). Journalism and Public Relations. A Tale of Two Discourses. Discourse & Communication, 6(3), 273–294.
  • Skärlund, S. (2010). The Recycling of News in Swedish Newspapers. Nordicom Review, 41(1), 69-84.
  • Şenyüz, M. (2018). Gazeteciliğin merdiven altı: İnternet haberciliği ve gelecek güzel günler. Erişim 15 Şubat 2018, https://journo.com.tr/internet-haberciligi-nereye-gidiyor.
  • Thurman, N., & Myllylahti, M. (2009). Taking The Paper Out Of News. Journalism Studies, 10(5), 691–708.
  • Tuchman, G. (1972). Objectivity as a Strategic Ritual. American Journal of Sociology, 77(4), 660–679.
  • Uzunoğlu, S. (2015). Türkiye’de Internet gazeteciliği: Xn’den bugüne ne değişti?. Erişim 14 Mayıs 2018, http://platform24.org/haber-arastirma/1060/turkiye-de-internet-gazeteciligi--xn-den-bugune-ne-degisti.
  • Vobic, I., ve Milojevic, A. (2014). “What we do is not actually journalism”: Role negotiations in online departments of two newspapers in Slovenia and Serbia. Journalism, 15(8), 1023–1040.
  • Van Leuven, S., Deprez, A., ve Raeymaeckers, K. (2013). Towards more balanced news access? A study on the impact of cost-cutting and Web 2.0 on the mediated public sphere. Journalism, 15(7), 850–867.
  • Van Cuilenburg, J. (1999). On competition, access and diversity in media, old and new: Some remarks for communications policy in the information age. New Media and Society, 1(2), 183–207.
  • WAN-IFRA (2017). World Press Trends 2017. Erişim 20 Haziran 2018, https://www.wanifra.org/reports/2017/10/10/world-press-trends-2017.
  • WAN-IFRA (2018). World Press Trends 2018. Erişim 15 Temmuz 2019, https:// www.wan-ifra.org/reports/2018/09/29/world-press-trends-2018.
  • Welbers, K., van Atteveldt, W., Kleinnijenhuis, J., ve Ruigrok, N. (2018). A Gatekeeper among Gatekeepers: News agency influence in print and online newspapers in the Netherlands. Journalism Studies, 19(3), 315–333.
Toplam 60 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Duygu Temel 0000-0002-4504-0474

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2020
Kabul Tarihi 3 Aralık 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020Sayı: 33

Kaynak Göster

APA Temel, D. (2020). Çevrimiçi Haberin Kaynağı: Türkçe Haber Sitelerinde Kopyala-Yapıştır Habercilik. Galatasaray Üniversitesi İletişim Dergisi(33), 5-31. https://doi.org/10.16878/gsuilet.661144
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