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Citizen Participation in the Professional News Media: The Limits of Participatory Journalism in the Case of CNN Turk - Haberim

Year 2011, Issue: 14, 55 - 77, 01.06.2011

Ar. Gör. Dr. Tolga Çevikel

Abstract

The professional news organizations being increasingly influenced by the rise of user-generated content tend to show more interest in integrating user-generated content in the professional news making processes in a model defined as ‘the participatory journalism’. The object of this study is the only institutional participatory journalism project in Turkey called “Haberim”, launched by CNN Turk as an user-generated citizen news site. This article does not only analyze how CNN Turk as an institution and its journalists as professionals are reacting to the user-generated content and how they are making use of it, but also, on the other side, tries to figure out by which type of content and to what extent the citizens are participating in the news making processes. The data used in the article were gathered from in-depth interview conducted with the editor-in-chief of CNN Turk and from the content analysis of Haberim news. The findings suggest that despite some problems in the news, the citizen participation to the news making processes through the site of CNN Haberim seems to be an important public opportunity while it is still unlikely to imply a radical change in the relationship between journalists and users.

Keywords

user-generated content participatory journalism citizen journalism CNN Turk Haberim

References

  • BOWMAN Shayne ve WILLIS, Chris (2003), We Media (How audiences are shaping the future of news and information), ABD: The Media Center at The American Press Institute.
  • BRUNS Axel (2005), Gatewatching: Collaborative Online News Production, New York: Peter Lang.
  • CANGÖZ İncilay (2003), “Yurttaş Gazeteciliği ve Yerel Basın”, Sevda Alankuş (der.), Gazetecilik ve Habercilik içinde, İstanbul: IPS İletişim Vakfı Yayınları, ss. 101-118.
  • DICKSON David (1992), Alternatif Teknoloji, İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları. DEUZE Mark (2006), “Ethnic media, community media and participatory culture”, Journalism, Cilt. 7, Sayı. 3, ss. 262-280.
  • DEUZE Mark (2003), “The Web and its Journalisms: Considering the Consequences of Different Types of Newsmedia Online”, New Media & Society, Cilt.5, Sayı. 2, ss.203-230.
  • DOMINGO David (2008), “Interactivity in the daily routines of online newsrooms: dealing with an uncomfortable myth”, Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, Cilt. 13, Sayı. 3, ss. 680-704.
  • DURAN Ragıp (2003), “Yurttaş Gazeteciliği”, Sevda Alankuş (der.), Gazetecilik ve Habercilik içinde, İstanbul: IPS İletişim Vakfı Yayınları, ss. 85-99.
  • GARCELON Marc (2006), “The ‘Indymedia’ Experiment: The Internet as Movement Facilitator Against Institutional Control”, Convergence, Cilt. 12, Sayı. 1, ss. 55-82.
  • GILLMOR Dan (2006), We The Media, ABD: O’Reilly.
  • GLASER Mark (2005), “Did London bombings turn citizen journalists into citizen paparazzi?”, Online Journalism Review, http://www.ojr.org/ojr/ stories/050712glaser [2.11.2008].
  • GOODE Luke (2009), “Social news, citizen journalism and democracy”, New Media & Society, Cilt. 11, Sayı. 8, ss. 1287–1305.
  • HERMIDA Alfred. “How the MSM is tackling participatory journalism”, Reportr. net, 24 Mayıs 2008, http://www.reportr.net/2008/05/24/how-the-msm-istackling-participatory-journalism [19.11.2010].
  • HERMIDA Alfred ve THURMAN Neil (2008), “A Clash of Cultures: The integration of user-generated-content within professional journalistic frameworks at British newspaper websites”, Journalism Practice, Cilt. 2, Sayı. 3, ss. 343-356.
  • IWAARDEN Jos van v.d. (2010), “Web 2.0: The Era of User Generated Content on Web Sites”, In Lee (ed.), Encyclopedia of E-Business Development and Management in the Global Economy içinde, ABD: Business Science Reference, ss. 1176-1182.
  • JENKINS Henry (2006), Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide, New York: New York University Press.
  • KIM Eun-Gyoo ve HAMILTON James W. (2006), “Capitulation to capital? OhmyNews as alternative media”, Media, Culture & Society, Cilt. 28, Sayı. 4, ss. 541–560.
  • LASICA Joseph Daniel (2003) ‘What is Participatory Journalism?’, Online Journalism Review, http://www.ojr.org/ojr/workplace/1060217106.php [10.12.2009].
  • LEHMAN-WILZIG Sam N. ve SELETZKY Michal (2010), “Hard news, soft news, ‘general’ news: The necessity and utility of an intermediate classification”, Journalism, Cilt. 11, Sayı. 1, ss. 37-56.
  • MACKINNON Rebecca (2007), “Blogging, Journalism and Credibility: The Future of Global Participatory Media” Yoshikuni Ono (Ed.), On Global Communication içinde, Kyoto: Seikai Shisosya.
  • NIP Joyce Y. M. (2006), “Exploring The Second Phase of Public Journalism”, Journalism Studies, Cilt. 7, Sayı. 2, ss. 212-236. PAMUK Gözde Akgüngör (2010), 11 Kasım tarihli mülakat, CNN Türk, Bağcılar - İstanbul.
  • PANTTI Mervi ve BAKKER Piet (2009), “Misfortunes, Memories and Sunsets: Non-Professional Images in Dutch News Media”, International Journal of Cultural Studies, Cilt. 12, Sayı. 5, ss. 471-489.
  • PAULUSSEN Steve v.d. (2007), “Doing It Together: Citizen Participation In The Professional News Making Process”, Observatorio Journal, Sayı. 3, ss. 131-154.
  • PAULUSSEN Steve ve UGILLE Pieter (2008), “User Generated Content in the Newsroom: Professional and Organisational Constraints on Participatory Journalism”, Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture, Cilt. 5, Sayı. 2, ss. 24-41.
  • PECQUERIE Bernard ve KILMAN Larry (2007), “From Citizen Journalism to User-Generated Content”, Media Making Change içinde, eJournal USA, Cilt. 12, Sayı. 12, ss. 9-11.
  • PLATON Sara ve DEUZE Mark (2003), “Indymedia Journalism: A radical way of making, selecting and sharing news?”, Journalism, Cilt. 4, Sayı. 3, ss. 336-355. Radikal, “Vatandaşın Gözü Her Yerde”, http://www.radikal.com.tr/haber. php?haberno=244324&tarih= 13/01/2008 [20.04.2009].
  • REBILLARD Franck ve TOUBOUL Annelise. (2010), “Promises Unfulfilled? ‘Journalism 2.0’, User Participation and Editorial Policy on Newspaper Websites”, Media, Culture & Society, Cilt. 32, Sayı. 2, ss. 323-334.
  • REESE Stephen v.d. (2007), “Mapping the blogosphere: Professional and citizen-based media in the global news area”, Journalism, Cilt. 8, Sayı. 3, ss. 235-261.
  • ÖRNEBRING Henrik (2008), “The Consumer as Producer-of What? User generated tabloid content in The Sun (UK) and Aftonbladet (Sweden)”, Journalism Studies, Cilt. 9, Sayı. 5, ss. 771-785.
  • ÖZTÜRK Serdar (2010), “En Eski ve En Yeni İletişim Medyası: İnsan”, Praksis, Sayı. 24, ss. 115-132.
  • Sendeyolla, “Hürriyet’in Gönüllü Muhabirleri”, http://www.sendeyolla.com/ haberdetay.aspx?&cid= 70&fid=47573&id=47575&ccatID=32 [20.04.2009].
  • THURMAN Neil (2008), “Forums for citizen journalists? Adoption of user generated content initiatives by online news media”, New Media & Society, Cilt. 10, Sayı. 1, ss. 139-157.
  • WALL Melissa (2005), “Blogs of war: Weblogs as news”, Journalism, Cilt. 2, Sayı. 2, ss. 153-172.
  • WARDLE Claire ve WILLIAMS Andrew (2010), “Beyond user-generated content: a production study examining the ways in which UGC is used at hte BBC”, Media, Culture & Society, Cilt. 32, Sayı. 5, ss. 781-799.

Participation des citoyens dans les médias d’information professionnels: Les limites du journalisme participatif dans le cas de CNN Turk - Haberim

Year 2011, Issue: 14, 55 - 77, 01.06.2011

Ar. Gör. Dr. Tolga Çevikel

Abstract

Les organisations d’information professionnelles de plus en plus influencées par la montée du contenu généré par les utilisateurs, tendent à montrer plus d'intérêt à l'intégration du contenu par les utilisateurs dans le processus de production d’information dans un modèle défini comme «le journalisme participatif». L'objet de cette étude est "Haberim" qui est le seul projet institutionnel de journalisme participatif en Turquie, lancé par CNN Turk comme un site d’information généré par les utilisateurs/citoyens. Cet article ne vise pas à uniquement analyser la façon dont CNN Turk en tant qu’une institution et ses journalistes en tant que professionnels, réagissent au contenu généré par les utilisateurs et la façon dont ils en font usage, mais aussi, il essaie de comprendre par quel type de contenu et dans quelle mesure les citoyens participent au processus de production d’information. Les données utilisées dans l'article ont été recueillies à partir d’entretien en profondeur réalisée avec le rédacteur en chef de CNN Turk et de l'analyse du contenu des nouvelles de Haberim. Les résultats suggèrent que, malgré quelques problèmes dans les nouvelles, la participation des citoyens au processus de production d’information sur le site de CNN Haberim semble être une occasion importante alors qu'il est encore peu probable de causer un changement radical dans la relation entre les journalistes et les utilisateurs.

Keywords

mot-clés: contenu généré par les utilisateurs journalisme participatif journalisme citoyen CNN Turk Haberim

References

  • BOWMAN Shayne ve WILLIS, Chris (2003), We Media (How audiences are shaping the future of news and information), ABD: The Media Center at The American Press Institute.
  • BRUNS Axel (2005), Gatewatching: Collaborative Online News Production, New York: Peter Lang.
  • CANGÖZ İncilay (2003), “Yurttaş Gazeteciliği ve Yerel Basın”, Sevda Alankuş (der.), Gazetecilik ve Habercilik içinde, İstanbul: IPS İletişim Vakfı Yayınları, ss. 101-118.
  • DICKSON David (1992), Alternatif Teknoloji, İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları. DEUZE Mark (2006), “Ethnic media, community media and participatory culture”, Journalism, Cilt. 7, Sayı. 3, ss. 262-280.
  • DEUZE Mark (2003), “The Web and its Journalisms: Considering the Consequences of Different Types of Newsmedia Online”, New Media & Society, Cilt.5, Sayı. 2, ss.203-230.
  • DOMINGO David (2008), “Interactivity in the daily routines of online newsrooms: dealing with an uncomfortable myth”, Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, Cilt. 13, Sayı. 3, ss. 680-704.
  • DURAN Ragıp (2003), “Yurttaş Gazeteciliği”, Sevda Alankuş (der.), Gazetecilik ve Habercilik içinde, İstanbul: IPS İletişim Vakfı Yayınları, ss. 85-99.
  • GARCELON Marc (2006), “The ‘Indymedia’ Experiment: The Internet as Movement Facilitator Against Institutional Control”, Convergence, Cilt. 12, Sayı. 1, ss. 55-82.
  • GILLMOR Dan (2006), We The Media, ABD: O’Reilly.
  • GLASER Mark (2005), “Did London bombings turn citizen journalists into citizen paparazzi?”, Online Journalism Review, http://www.ojr.org/ojr/ stories/050712glaser [2.11.2008].
  • GOODE Luke (2009), “Social news, citizen journalism and democracy”, New Media & Society, Cilt. 11, Sayı. 8, ss. 1287–1305.
  • HERMIDA Alfred. “How the MSM is tackling participatory journalism”, Reportr. net, 24 Mayıs 2008, http://www.reportr.net/2008/05/24/how-the-msm-istackling-participatory-journalism [19.11.2010].
  • HERMIDA Alfred ve THURMAN Neil (2008), “A Clash of Cultures: The integration of user-generated-content within professional journalistic frameworks at British newspaper websites”, Journalism Practice, Cilt. 2, Sayı. 3, ss. 343-356.
  • IWAARDEN Jos van v.d. (2010), “Web 2.0: The Era of User Generated Content on Web Sites”, In Lee (ed.), Encyclopedia of E-Business Development and Management in the Global Economy içinde, ABD: Business Science Reference, ss. 1176-1182.
  • JENKINS Henry (2006), Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide, New York: New York University Press.
  • KIM Eun-Gyoo ve HAMILTON James W. (2006), “Capitulation to capital? OhmyNews as alternative media”, Media, Culture & Society, Cilt. 28, Sayı. 4, ss. 541–560.
  • LASICA Joseph Daniel (2003) ‘What is Participatory Journalism?’, Online Journalism Review, http://www.ojr.org/ojr/workplace/1060217106.php [10.12.2009].
  • LEHMAN-WILZIG Sam N. ve SELETZKY Michal (2010), “Hard news, soft news, ‘general’ news: The necessity and utility of an intermediate classification”, Journalism, Cilt. 11, Sayı. 1, ss. 37-56.
  • MACKINNON Rebecca (2007), “Blogging, Journalism and Credibility: The Future of Global Participatory Media” Yoshikuni Ono (Ed.), On Global Communication içinde, Kyoto: Seikai Shisosya.
  • NIP Joyce Y. M. (2006), “Exploring The Second Phase of Public Journalism”, Journalism Studies, Cilt. 7, Sayı. 2, ss. 212-236. PAMUK Gözde Akgüngör (2010), 11 Kasım tarihli mülakat, CNN Türk, Bağcılar - İstanbul.
  • PANTTI Mervi ve BAKKER Piet (2009), “Misfortunes, Memories and Sunsets: Non-Professional Images in Dutch News Media”, International Journal of Cultural Studies, Cilt. 12, Sayı. 5, ss. 471-489.
  • PAULUSSEN Steve v.d. (2007), “Doing It Together: Citizen Participation In The Professional News Making Process”, Observatorio Journal, Sayı. 3, ss. 131-154.
  • PAULUSSEN Steve ve UGILLE Pieter (2008), “User Generated Content in the Newsroom: Professional and Organisational Constraints on Participatory Journalism”, Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture, Cilt. 5, Sayı. 2, ss. 24-41.
  • PECQUERIE Bernard ve KILMAN Larry (2007), “From Citizen Journalism to User-Generated Content”, Media Making Change içinde, eJournal USA, Cilt. 12, Sayı. 12, ss. 9-11.
  • PLATON Sara ve DEUZE Mark (2003), “Indymedia Journalism: A radical way of making, selecting and sharing news?”, Journalism, Cilt. 4, Sayı. 3, ss. 336-355. Radikal, “Vatandaşın Gözü Her Yerde”, http://www.radikal.com.tr/haber. php?haberno=244324&tarih= 13/01/2008 [20.04.2009].
  • REBILLARD Franck ve TOUBOUL Annelise. (2010), “Promises Unfulfilled? ‘Journalism 2.0’, User Participation and Editorial Policy on Newspaper Websites”, Media, Culture & Society, Cilt. 32, Sayı. 2, ss. 323-334.
  • REESE Stephen v.d. (2007), “Mapping the blogosphere: Professional and citizen-based media in the global news area”, Journalism, Cilt. 8, Sayı. 3, ss. 235-261.
  • ÖRNEBRING Henrik (2008), “The Consumer as Producer-of What? User generated tabloid content in The Sun (UK) and Aftonbladet (Sweden)”, Journalism Studies, Cilt. 9, Sayı. 5, ss. 771-785.
  • ÖZTÜRK Serdar (2010), “En Eski ve En Yeni İletişim Medyası: İnsan”, Praksis, Sayı. 24, ss. 115-132.
  • Sendeyolla, “Hürriyet’in Gönüllü Muhabirleri”, http://www.sendeyolla.com/ haberdetay.aspx?&cid= 70&fid=47573&id=47575&ccatID=32 [20.04.2009].
  • THURMAN Neil (2008), “Forums for citizen journalists? Adoption of user generated content initiatives by online news media”, New Media & Society, Cilt. 10, Sayı. 1, ss. 139-157.
  • WALL Melissa (2005), “Blogs of war: Weblogs as news”, Journalism, Cilt. 2, Sayı. 2, ss. 153-172.
  • WARDLE Claire ve WILLIAMS Andrew (2010), “Beyond user-generated content: a production study examining the ways in which UGC is used at hte BBC”, Media, Culture & Society, Cilt. 32, Sayı. 5, ss. 781-799.

Profesyonel Haber Medyasında Yurttaş Katılımı: CNN Türk - Haberim Örneğinde Katılımcı Gazeteciliğin Sınırları

Year 2011, Issue: 14, 55 - 77, 01.06.2011

Ar. Gör. Dr. Tolga Çevikel

Abstract

Profesyonel haber kuruluşları, kullanıcı tarafından üretilen içeriğin yükselişi eğiliminden giderek daha fazla etkilenmekte, katılımcı gazetecilik olarak tanımlanan model içinde bu içeriği elde etmek ve haber üretim süreçlerine dahil etmek için çeşitli girişimlerde bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışma, tamamen kullanıcılar tarafından üretilen haberlerle oluşturulan ve Türkiye’deki tek kurumsal katılımcı gazetecilik projesi olan CNN Türk - Haberim’i konu almaktadır. Çalışma, bir taraftan kurum olarak CNN Türk’ün ve CNN Türk çalışanı gazetecilerin kullanıcı tarafından üretilen içeriğe nasıl baktıklarını ve bu içeriği nasıl kullandıklarını, diğer taraftan da yurttaşların CNN Türk’ün haber üretim süreçlerine ne tür içeriklerle ve ne boyutta katıldıklarını araştırmaktadır. Araştırma kapsamında CNN Türk Haberim editörü ile yapılan derinlemesine mülakattan ve sitede yer alan haberlerin içerik analizinden elde edilen veriler, haberlerde tespit edilen bazı sorunlara rağmen internet kullanıcılarının bu site üzerinden haber üretim süreçlerine katılabilmelerinin önemli bir kamusal imkân olduğunu, ancak gazeteciler ve kullanıcılar arası ilişkilerde radikal bir dönüşümün yaşanmadığını ortaya koymaktadır.

Keywords

kullanıcı tarafından üretilen içerik katılımcı gazetecilik yurttaş gazeteciliği CNN Türk Haberim

References

  • BOWMAN Shayne ve WILLIS, Chris (2003), We Media (How audiences are shaping the future of news and information), ABD: The Media Center at The American Press Institute.
  • BRUNS Axel (2005), Gatewatching: Collaborative Online News Production, New York: Peter Lang.
  • CANGÖZ İncilay (2003), “Yurttaş Gazeteciliği ve Yerel Basın”, Sevda Alankuş (der.), Gazetecilik ve Habercilik içinde, İstanbul: IPS İletişim Vakfı Yayınları, ss. 101-118.
  • DICKSON David (1992), Alternatif Teknoloji, İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları. DEUZE Mark (2006), “Ethnic media, community media and participatory culture”, Journalism, Cilt. 7, Sayı. 3, ss. 262-280.
  • DEUZE Mark (2003), “The Web and its Journalisms: Considering the Consequences of Different Types of Newsmedia Online”, New Media & Society, Cilt.5, Sayı. 2, ss.203-230.
  • DOMINGO David (2008), “Interactivity in the daily routines of online newsrooms: dealing with an uncomfortable myth”, Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, Cilt. 13, Sayı. 3, ss. 680-704.
  • DURAN Ragıp (2003), “Yurttaş Gazeteciliği”, Sevda Alankuş (der.), Gazetecilik ve Habercilik içinde, İstanbul: IPS İletişim Vakfı Yayınları, ss. 85-99.
  • GARCELON Marc (2006), “The ‘Indymedia’ Experiment: The Internet as Movement Facilitator Against Institutional Control”, Convergence, Cilt. 12, Sayı. 1, ss. 55-82.
  • GILLMOR Dan (2006), We The Media, ABD: O’Reilly.
  • GLASER Mark (2005), “Did London bombings turn citizen journalists into citizen paparazzi?”, Online Journalism Review, http://www.ojr.org/ojr/ stories/050712glaser [2.11.2008].
  • GOODE Luke (2009), “Social news, citizen journalism and democracy”, New Media & Society, Cilt. 11, Sayı. 8, ss. 1287–1305.
  • HERMIDA Alfred. “How the MSM is tackling participatory journalism”, Reportr. net, 24 Mayıs 2008, http://www.reportr.net/2008/05/24/how-the-msm-istackling-participatory-journalism [19.11.2010].
  • HERMIDA Alfred ve THURMAN Neil (2008), “A Clash of Cultures: The integration of user-generated-content within professional journalistic frameworks at British newspaper websites”, Journalism Practice, Cilt. 2, Sayı. 3, ss. 343-356.
  • IWAARDEN Jos van v.d. (2010), “Web 2.0: The Era of User Generated Content on Web Sites”, In Lee (ed.), Encyclopedia of E-Business Development and Management in the Global Economy içinde, ABD: Business Science Reference, ss. 1176-1182.
  • JENKINS Henry (2006), Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide, New York: New York University Press.
  • KIM Eun-Gyoo ve HAMILTON James W. (2006), “Capitulation to capital? OhmyNews as alternative media”, Media, Culture & Society, Cilt. 28, Sayı. 4, ss. 541–560.
  • LASICA Joseph Daniel (2003) ‘What is Participatory Journalism?’, Online Journalism Review, http://www.ojr.org/ojr/workplace/1060217106.php [10.12.2009].
  • LEHMAN-WILZIG Sam N. ve SELETZKY Michal (2010), “Hard news, soft news, ‘general’ news: The necessity and utility of an intermediate classification”, Journalism, Cilt. 11, Sayı. 1, ss. 37-56.
  • MACKINNON Rebecca (2007), “Blogging, Journalism and Credibility: The Future of Global Participatory Media” Yoshikuni Ono (Ed.), On Global Communication içinde, Kyoto: Seikai Shisosya.
  • NIP Joyce Y. M. (2006), “Exploring The Second Phase of Public Journalism”, Journalism Studies, Cilt. 7, Sayı. 2, ss. 212-236. PAMUK Gözde Akgüngör (2010), 11 Kasım tarihli mülakat, CNN Türk, Bağcılar - İstanbul.
  • PANTTI Mervi ve BAKKER Piet (2009), “Misfortunes, Memories and Sunsets: Non-Professional Images in Dutch News Media”, International Journal of Cultural Studies, Cilt. 12, Sayı. 5, ss. 471-489.
  • PAULUSSEN Steve v.d. (2007), “Doing It Together: Citizen Participation In The Professional News Making Process”, Observatorio Journal, Sayı. 3, ss. 131-154.
  • PAULUSSEN Steve ve UGILLE Pieter (2008), “User Generated Content in the Newsroom: Professional and Organisational Constraints on Participatory Journalism”, Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture, Cilt. 5, Sayı. 2, ss. 24-41.
  • PECQUERIE Bernard ve KILMAN Larry (2007), “From Citizen Journalism to User-Generated Content”, Media Making Change içinde, eJournal USA, Cilt. 12, Sayı. 12, ss. 9-11.
  • PLATON Sara ve DEUZE Mark (2003), “Indymedia Journalism: A radical way of making, selecting and sharing news?”, Journalism, Cilt. 4, Sayı. 3, ss. 336-355. Radikal, “Vatandaşın Gözü Her Yerde”, http://www.radikal.com.tr/haber. php?haberno=244324&tarih= 13/01/2008 [20.04.2009].
  • REBILLARD Franck ve TOUBOUL Annelise. (2010), “Promises Unfulfilled? ‘Journalism 2.0’, User Participation and Editorial Policy on Newspaper Websites”, Media, Culture & Society, Cilt. 32, Sayı. 2, ss. 323-334.
  • REESE Stephen v.d. (2007), “Mapping the blogosphere: Professional and citizen-based media in the global news area”, Journalism, Cilt. 8, Sayı. 3, ss. 235-261.
  • ÖRNEBRING Henrik (2008), “The Consumer as Producer-of What? User generated tabloid content in The Sun (UK) and Aftonbladet (Sweden)”, Journalism Studies, Cilt. 9, Sayı. 5, ss. 771-785.
  • ÖZTÜRK Serdar (2010), “En Eski ve En Yeni İletişim Medyası: İnsan”, Praksis, Sayı. 24, ss. 115-132.
  • Sendeyolla, “Hürriyet’in Gönüllü Muhabirleri”, http://www.sendeyolla.com/ haberdetay.aspx?&cid= 70&fid=47573&id=47575&ccatID=32 [20.04.2009].
  • THURMAN Neil (2008), “Forums for citizen journalists? Adoption of user generated content initiatives by online news media”, New Media & Society, Cilt. 10, Sayı. 1, ss. 139-157.
  • WALL Melissa (2005), “Blogs of war: Weblogs as news”, Journalism, Cilt. 2, Sayı. 2, ss. 153-172.
  • WARDLE Claire ve WILLIAMS Andrew (2010), “Beyond user-generated content: a production study examining the ways in which UGC is used at hte BBC”, Media, Culture & Society, Cilt. 32, Sayı. 5, ss. 781-799.
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ar. Gör. Dr. Tolga Çevikel

Publication Date June 1, 2011
Published in Issue Year 2011Issue: 14

Cite

APA Çevikel, A. G. D. T. (2011). Profesyonel Haber Medyasında Yurttaş Katılımı: CNN Türk - Haberim Örneğinde Katılımcı Gazeteciliğin Sınırları. Galatasaray Üniversitesi İletişim Dergisi(14), 55-77.
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