Öz
Bilim diplomasisi, teknolojik gelişmeler, uluslararası sistemdeki aktör çeşitliliği ve sınırların giderek daha şeffaf hale gelmesiyle 2000’li yıllardan itibaren hız kazanmıştır. İskandinavlar için bu alan, özellikle uluslararası sistemdeki rolleri anlamında önemlidir. Genelde dış politikalarında yumuşak güç (soft power) araçlarını kullanan Norveç, İsveç ve Danimarka, bu alanlarda lider ya da ülke markası olma amacı gütmektedirler. Norveç ve İsveç, çeşitli sivil toplum kuruluşları ve devlet içi aktörler aracılığıyla 1901’den günümüze bilimin ödüllendirilmesini Nobel Ödül Töreni aracılığıyla gerçekleştirmektedir. Ödül töreni, çeşitli bilim dallarına ve eserlere uluslararası ilgi yaratmakla beraber, çeşitli sebeplerden dolayı birçok eleştiri toplamaktadır. Çalışmada bilim diplomasisinin çağımızda geldiği nokta ve İskandinav genel dış politika hedefleri belirtilerek teorik çerçeve belirlenmiş, daha sonra Nobel ödüllerinin bilim diplomasisine sağladığı katkılar tartışılmıştır. İskandinav imajına pozitif rolü olduğu kadar negatif rolü de olan törenle ilgili tanımlayıcı (deskriptif) bir araştırma yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın bütününde tümdengelim yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Varılan sonuçlarla, Kuzey Avrupa coğrafyasının bilim diplomasisine yaklaşımı konusunda bilimsel alana katkı sağlanması amaçlanmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
İskandinav coğrafyası yeni bilim diplomasisi yumuşak güç Nobel ödülleri ülke markası
Kaynakça
- Calamita G. ve Portincasa P. (2016). The power of science diplomacy, a lesson from the Nobel laureate Peter Agre, European Journal of Clinical Investigation, 46, 491-493.
- Jesse N.G. ve Dreyer J.R. (2016). Small States in the International System, London, Lexington Books.
- Hey J.A.K. (2003). Introducing Small State Foreign Policy, Hey J.A.K (Ed), Small States in World Politics içinde (1-13), London: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
- Hilson M. (2017). The Nordic Model – Scandinavia since 1945, Reaktion Books. Ingebritsen C. (2006). Scandinavia in World Politics, Oxford.
- Laroche J. (1994). Le Nobel comme enjeu symbolique dans les relations internationales, Revue française de science politique, 4, 1994, 599-628.
- Larsen H. (2005). Analysing the Foreign Policy of Small States in the EU, UK, Palgrave.
- Lord K.M. (2007). New Era of Science Diplomacy, Science, 315 (5813), 769-770.
- Magnus J. (2016). International Branding of the Nordic Region, Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 12, 195-200.
- Nedergaard P. ve Wivel A. (2018). The Routledge Handbook of Scandinavian Politics, London, Routledge.
- Norrby E. (2010). Nobel Prizes and Life Sciences, World Scientific Publishing.
- Nye J.S. (2008). Public Diplomacy and Soft Power, AAPSS Public Diplomacy in a Changing World, 616, 94-109.
- Nye J.S. (1990). Soft Power, Foreign Policy, 80, 1990, 153-171. Ruffini P. (2018). La Diplomatie Scientifique, Entre Enjeux Mondiaux et Interet National, Hermès La Revue, 81, 101-109.
- Ruffini P. (2019). Diplomatie scientifique. De Quelques notions de base et questions-clés, Philosophia Scientiae, 23 (3), 67-80.
- Steinmetz R. ve Wivel A. (Ed). (2010). Small States in Europe, UK, Ashgate.
- Strang J. (2016). Nordic Cooperation, London: Routledge.
- Tür Ö. ve Salık N. (2017). Uluslararası İlişkilerde Küçük Devletler: Gelişimi, Tanımı, Dış Politika ve İttifak Davranışları, Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, 14 (53).
- West K. (2016). A conversation with Dr. Peter Agre about Nobel prizes and Science Diplomacy, Statistical Journal of the IAOS, 32, 149-155.
- Wivel A. (2017). What happened to the Nordic Model for International Peace and Security?, A Journal of Social Justice, 29, 489-496.
- BBC Online, Erişim 25.03.2020, https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-50730048
- BBC Online, Erişim 24.03.2020, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-50008701
- Britannica sözlük, Erişim 18.03.2020, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Svalbard-Global-Seed-Vault
- Hürriyet gazetesi, Erişim 30.01.2020, http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/teknoloji/odtu-bilim-komitesine-nobelli-transfer-41362861
- Nobel Prize Official Site, Erişim 24.03.2020, https://www.nobelprize.org/alfred-nobel/alfred-nobels-will/
- Nobel Prize Official Site, Erişim 24.03.2020, https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/facts/nobel-prize-facts/)
- Nobel Tıp Ödülleri Komitesi, Erişim 05.03.2020, https://www.nobelprizemedicine.org/
- NTV Haber, Erişim 14.12.2019, https://www.ntv.com.tr/sanat/ilber-ortaylidan-nobel-aciklamasi,01u5Xx-Ap0W12xeyf2ccbg
- NTV Haber, Erişim 14.12.2019, https://www.ntv.com.tr/galeri/teknoloji/tepkilerin-golgesinde-peter-handkeye-nobel-edebiyat-odulu-gecmisten-bugune-nobe,zJ4IZvjqrUmctNaB3E53fg
- Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Erişim 01.03.2020, https://www.kva.se/en/om-oss
- Time Dergisi, Erişim 18.03.2020, www.time.com/doomsday-vault
Öz
Le champs de la Diplomatie Scientifique s’est accéléré dans les années 2000 parallèlement aux progrès technologiques, à la diversité grandissante des acteurs internationaux et à l'atténuation progressive des frontières au travers du processus de mondialisation. Ce champs a une importance particulière pour les scandinaves en raison de leur rôle dans le système international. La Norvège, la Suède et le Danemark ont pour particularité d'avoir adopté dans leur stratégie de politique étrangère des outils de soft power. Plus encore, ces Etats ont pour ambition de devenir des leaders ou brand countries dans le système international sur ces thèmes. La Suède et la Norvège valorisent la science à travers l'attribution du prix Nobel depuis 1901 via leurs acteurs étatiques et les ONG. Reconnue comme une éminente distinction scientifique à l'échelle internationale, le prix Nobel est le sujet à diverses critiques. Dans la partie théorique de ce travail, la diplomatie scientifique ainsi que les spécificités de la politique étrangère des pays scandinaves ont d'abord été abordés. Les contributions du prix Nobel au champs de la diplomatie scientifique sont discutées dans un second temps. Les réactions, tant positives que négatives, à l'attribution des prix Nobel sont traités à travers une méthode descriptive. Une méthode déductive a quant à elle été adoptée tout au long de ce travail. Le présent travail a visé à traiter du sujet de la Diplomatie Scientifique sous le prisme de la politique étrangère des Etats de la région d'Europe du Nord.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Région Scandinave la nouvelle diplomatie scientifique soft power le prix Nobel country branding
Kaynakça
- Calamita G. ve Portincasa P. (2016). The power of science diplomacy, a lesson from the Nobel laureate Peter Agre, European Journal of Clinical Investigation, 46, 491-493.
- Jesse N.G. ve Dreyer J.R. (2016). Small States in the International System, London, Lexington Books.
- Hey J.A.K. (2003). Introducing Small State Foreign Policy, Hey J.A.K (Ed), Small States in World Politics içinde (1-13), London: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
- Hilson M. (2017). The Nordic Model – Scandinavia since 1945, Reaktion Books. Ingebritsen C. (2006). Scandinavia in World Politics, Oxford.
- Laroche J. (1994). Le Nobel comme enjeu symbolique dans les relations internationales, Revue française de science politique, 4, 1994, 599-628.
- Larsen H. (2005). Analysing the Foreign Policy of Small States in the EU, UK, Palgrave.
- Lord K.M. (2007). New Era of Science Diplomacy, Science, 315 (5813), 769-770.
- Magnus J. (2016). International Branding of the Nordic Region, Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 12, 195-200.
- Nedergaard P. ve Wivel A. (2018). The Routledge Handbook of Scandinavian Politics, London, Routledge.
- Norrby E. (2010). Nobel Prizes and Life Sciences, World Scientific Publishing.
- Nye J.S. (2008). Public Diplomacy and Soft Power, AAPSS Public Diplomacy in a Changing World, 616, 94-109.
- Nye J.S. (1990). Soft Power, Foreign Policy, 80, 1990, 153-171. Ruffini P. (2018). La Diplomatie Scientifique, Entre Enjeux Mondiaux et Interet National, Hermès La Revue, 81, 101-109.
- Ruffini P. (2019). Diplomatie scientifique. De Quelques notions de base et questions-clés, Philosophia Scientiae, 23 (3), 67-80.
- Steinmetz R. ve Wivel A. (Ed). (2010). Small States in Europe, UK, Ashgate.
- Strang J. (2016). Nordic Cooperation, London: Routledge.
- Tür Ö. ve Salık N. (2017). Uluslararası İlişkilerde Küçük Devletler: Gelişimi, Tanımı, Dış Politika ve İttifak Davranışları, Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, 14 (53).
- West K. (2016). A conversation with Dr. Peter Agre about Nobel prizes and Science Diplomacy, Statistical Journal of the IAOS, 32, 149-155.
- Wivel A. (2017). What happened to the Nordic Model for International Peace and Security?, A Journal of Social Justice, 29, 489-496.
- BBC Online, Erişim 25.03.2020, https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-50730048
- BBC Online, Erişim 24.03.2020, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-50008701
- Britannica sözlük, Erişim 18.03.2020, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Svalbard-Global-Seed-Vault
- Hürriyet gazetesi, Erişim 30.01.2020, http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/teknoloji/odtu-bilim-komitesine-nobelli-transfer-41362861
- Nobel Prize Official Site, Erişim 24.03.2020, https://www.nobelprize.org/alfred-nobel/alfred-nobels-will/
- Nobel Prize Official Site, Erişim 24.03.2020, https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/facts/nobel-prize-facts/)
- Nobel Tıp Ödülleri Komitesi, Erişim 05.03.2020, https://www.nobelprizemedicine.org/
- NTV Haber, Erişim 14.12.2019, https://www.ntv.com.tr/sanat/ilber-ortaylidan-nobel-aciklamasi,01u5Xx-Ap0W12xeyf2ccbg
- NTV Haber, Erişim 14.12.2019, https://www.ntv.com.tr/galeri/teknoloji/tepkilerin-golgesinde-peter-handkeye-nobel-edebiyat-odulu-gecmisten-bugune-nobe,zJ4IZvjqrUmctNaB3E53fg
- Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Erişim 01.03.2020, https://www.kva.se/en/om-oss
- Time Dergisi, Erişim 18.03.2020, www.time.com/doomsday-vault
Öz
The science diplomacy field has expanded in the 2000s, parallel with the technological progress, the growing diversity of the international actors, and the progressive weakening of borders through the globalization process. This field appears to be important to the Scandinavians because of their role in the international system. Norway, Sweden, and Denmark have the particularity of adopting soft power tactics in their foreign policy strategy. Furthermore, these States aspire to become the leaders or the brand countries of these subjects in the international system. Sweden and Norway value science by awarding the Nobel prize since 1901 by their political actors or NGOs. Renowned as an eminent distinction in the international plan, the Nobel prize is also subject to wide criticism. In this study, firstly, science diplomacy, as well as the particularities of the foreign policy of Scandinavian countries are treated. Secondly, the contributions of the Nobel prize in science diplomacy are discussed. The reactions, positive or negative, to the awarding of the Nobel prizes have been examined by a descriptive method. A deductive method has been adopted all along with the study. With the results, it is aimed to contribute to the scientific field on the approach of Northern Europe to science diplomacy.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Scandinavian region new science diplomacy soft power Nobel prize country branding
Kaynakça
- Calamita G. ve Portincasa P. (2016). The power of science diplomacy, a lesson from the Nobel laureate Peter Agre, European Journal of Clinical Investigation, 46, 491-493.
- Jesse N.G. ve Dreyer J.R. (2016). Small States in the International System, London, Lexington Books.
- Hey J.A.K. (2003). Introducing Small State Foreign Policy, Hey J.A.K (Ed), Small States in World Politics içinde (1-13), London: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
- Hilson M. (2017). The Nordic Model – Scandinavia since 1945, Reaktion Books. Ingebritsen C. (2006). Scandinavia in World Politics, Oxford.
- Laroche J. (1994). Le Nobel comme enjeu symbolique dans les relations internationales, Revue française de science politique, 4, 1994, 599-628.
- Larsen H. (2005). Analysing the Foreign Policy of Small States in the EU, UK, Palgrave.
- Lord K.M. (2007). New Era of Science Diplomacy, Science, 315 (5813), 769-770.
- Magnus J. (2016). International Branding of the Nordic Region, Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 12, 195-200.
- Nedergaard P. ve Wivel A. (2018). The Routledge Handbook of Scandinavian Politics, London, Routledge.
- Norrby E. (2010). Nobel Prizes and Life Sciences, World Scientific Publishing.
- Nye J.S. (2008). Public Diplomacy and Soft Power, AAPSS Public Diplomacy in a Changing World, 616, 94-109.
- Nye J.S. (1990). Soft Power, Foreign Policy, 80, 1990, 153-171. Ruffini P. (2018). La Diplomatie Scientifique, Entre Enjeux Mondiaux et Interet National, Hermès La Revue, 81, 101-109.
- Ruffini P. (2019). Diplomatie scientifique. De Quelques notions de base et questions-clés, Philosophia Scientiae, 23 (3), 67-80.
- Steinmetz R. ve Wivel A. (Ed). (2010). Small States in Europe, UK, Ashgate.
- Strang J. (2016). Nordic Cooperation, London: Routledge.
- Tür Ö. ve Salık N. (2017). Uluslararası İlişkilerde Küçük Devletler: Gelişimi, Tanımı, Dış Politika ve İttifak Davranışları, Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, 14 (53).
- West K. (2016). A conversation with Dr. Peter Agre about Nobel prizes and Science Diplomacy, Statistical Journal of the IAOS, 32, 149-155.
- Wivel A. (2017). What happened to the Nordic Model for International Peace and Security?, A Journal of Social Justice, 29, 489-496.
- BBC Online, Erişim 25.03.2020, https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-50730048
- BBC Online, Erişim 24.03.2020, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-50008701
- Britannica sözlük, Erişim 18.03.2020, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Svalbard-Global-Seed-Vault
- Hürriyet gazetesi, Erişim 30.01.2020, http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/teknoloji/odtu-bilim-komitesine-nobelli-transfer-41362861
- Nobel Prize Official Site, Erişim 24.03.2020, https://www.nobelprize.org/alfred-nobel/alfred-nobels-will/
- Nobel Prize Official Site, Erişim 24.03.2020, https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/facts/nobel-prize-facts/)
- Nobel Tıp Ödülleri Komitesi, Erişim 05.03.2020, https://www.nobelprizemedicine.org/
- NTV Haber, Erişim 14.12.2019, https://www.ntv.com.tr/sanat/ilber-ortaylidan-nobel-aciklamasi,01u5Xx-Ap0W12xeyf2ccbg
- NTV Haber, Erişim 14.12.2019, https://www.ntv.com.tr/galeri/teknoloji/tepkilerin-golgesinde-peter-handkeye-nobel-edebiyat-odulu-gecmisten-bugune-nobe,zJ4IZvjqrUmctNaB3E53fg
- Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Erişim 01.03.2020, https://www.kva.se/en/om-oss
- Time Dergisi, Erişim 18.03.2020, www.time.com/doomsday-vault
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 31 Ocak 2021 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2021 |
Cited By
TÜRKİYE’DE YÜKSEKÖĞRETİM KURUMLARININ BİLİM DİPLOMASİSİ UYGULAMALARI
Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.35408/comuybd.1434721
