Öz
Bu makalenin hedefi bedensel, yaratıcı, performatif ve araştırmacının öznelliğini yansıtarak geliştirdiği araştırma yöntemlerine dair bilgi külliyatına katkıda bulunmaktır. Sosyal olguları araştırırken ara’da oluş ve eşikte olma halini vurgulayarak çalışmanın gerekliliği önerilmektedir. Sosyal bilimde epistemolojik sorunlar bağlamında temsiliyet ve gerçeklik meselesi eleştirel bir yönden tartışılarak, deneysel ve yenilikçi yöntemlerin aranması gerektiği savunulmakta ve görsel etnografi önerilmektedir. Bu makale araştırmacının dans ile video kamera ara’sında deney ve deneyim yoluya sahadan çıkardığı bir bilgi olarak sosyal olguların akış halinde, her daim hareket içinde oluşunu ve geçici, uçucu olma halini savunmakta ve bunları ara kavramı çerçevesinde tartışmaktadır. Bu bağlamda video etnografisi uzlaşımsal sosyal bilim yöntemleriyle ulaşamayacağımız başka türden bir bilgiye ulaşmak için uygun bir yöntem olarak önerilmektedir. Bu makaleye kaynaklık eden araştırma esnasında yüksek tempolu, tekrara dayalı ritmik ve zamansal devamlılık arz eden müzik ortamlarında gerçekleşen dans pratiği araştırılmış ve sonuç olarak dansın bir yere ya da manaya çakılamaz, sabitlenemez, sınırlanamaz, tanımlanamaz ve yazıya indirgenemez olma hali vurgulanmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
temsiliyet görsel etnografi yöntem hermenötik dans araştırmaları
Kaynakça
- AITKEN Ian (1990), Film and Reform: John Grierson and the Documentary
- Film Movement, London, Routledge. BAKER Ulus (2002), “Yine sinema üzerine”, Fotografya, 14, http://www. fotografya.gen.tr/issue-14/ulus_baker_14.htm. [23.09.2007].
- BANKS Marcus (2001), Visual methods in social research, London, Thousand Oaks, Calif., SAGE.
- BAZIN Andre and GRAY Hugh (1967) What is cinema?, Berkeley, University of California Press.
- BEER Gillian (1992), Forging the missing link: interdisciplinary stories,
- Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. BELLOUR Raymond (1989), Eye for I: video self-portraits, New York, N.Y.,
- Independent Curators Inc. BERENSEL Ege (2002), “Video epistemolojisine giriş.” VideA, http://www. videa.org.tr/dil/videoimajinkisatarihi.html [23.09.2007].
- BLAUG Mark (1980), The methodology of economics, or, How economists explain, Cambridge, New York, Cambridge University Press.
- BRYMAN Alan (1988), Quantity and quality in social research, London, Boston, Unwin Hyman.
- BOLT Barbara (2004), Art beyond representation the performative power of the image, London, New York, I.B. Tauris.
- CAILLOIS Roger (1962), Man, play, and games, London, Thames and Hudson.
- CALLON Michel (1998), "Introduction: The Embeddedness of Economic Markets in Economics", in The Laws of the Markets, Michel Callon (ed.), Oxford and Keele, Blackwell and the Sociological Review: 1-57.
- COOPER Robert and LAW John (1995), “Organizations: Distal and Proximal
- Views.”, Research in the Sociology of Organizations, 13: 237-274. COOPER Robert (1997), “Millennium Notes for Social Theory”, The Sociological Review 45(4): 690-703.
- COOPER Robert (1998), "Assemblage Notes", in Organized worlds: explorations in technology and organization, Robert Cooper, Chia and Cooper (ed.), London, New York, Routledge: 108-129.
- CRANG Mike (2002), “Qualitative methods: the new orthodoxy?”, Progress in Human Geography 26(5): 647-655.
- CRANG Mike (2003). “Qualitative methods: touchy, feely, look-see?”, Progress in Human Geography 27(4): 494-504.
- DELEUZE Gilles and PARNET Claire (1987), Dialogues, New York, Columbia University Press.
- DELEUZE Gilles. and GUATTARI Felix (2004), A thousand plateaus: capitalism and schizophrenia, London, New York, Continuum.
- DEWSBURY J.D. (2000), “Performativity and the event: enacting a philosophy of difference.”, Environment and Planning D: Society & Space, 18: 473-496.
- DILTHEY Wilhelm (1972), “The Rise of Hermeneutics”, New Literary History, (2): 229-244.
- EATON Mick (ed.) (1979), Anthropology, reality, cinema: the films of Jean
- Rouch. London, British Film Institute. GADAMER Hans Georg (1976), Philosophical Hermeneutics, Berkeley and Los
- Angeles, University of California Press. GADAMER Hans Georg and BERNASCONI Robert (1986), The relevance of the beautiful and other essays, Cambridge, New York, Cambridge University Press.
- GLASER Barney and STRAUSS Anselm (1967), The discovery of grounded theory; strategies for qualitative research, Chicago, Aldine Pub.
- HARAWAY Donna (1991), Situated Knowledges: the Science Question in
- Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective, in Simians, Cyborgs and Women: The Reinvention of Nature, Donna Haraway (ed.), London, Free Association Books: 183-201. HEIDEGGER Martin (1962), Being and Time, Oxford, Blackwell Publishing.
- HETHERINGTON Kevin (1996), “Identity Formation, Space and Social Centrality.”
- Theory, Culture & Society, 13(4): 33-52. HETHERINGTON Kevin (1998), Expressions of identity: space, performance, politics, London, Sage Publications.
- KUHN Thomas (1970), The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, Chicago,
- Chicago University Press. LATOUR Bruno (1987) Science in Action: How to Follow Scientists and Engineers Through Society, Milton Keynes, Open University Press.
- LATOUR Bruno (1990), "Drawing things together", in Representation in
- Scientific Practice, Michael Lynch and Steve Woolgar (ed.), Cambridge, MA, MIT Press: 19-68. LATOUR Bruno and WOOLGAR Steve (1986), Laboratory Life: The Construction of Scientific Facts, Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press.
- LAW John (2004), After method: mess in social science research, London, New York, Routledge.
- MACDOUGALL David (1995), "The subjective voice in ethnographic film" in Fields of vision: essays in film studies, visual anthropology, and photography, L.
- Devereaux and R. Hillman (ed), Berkeley, University of California Press. MARTINEZ W. (1996), "Deconstructing the ‘viewer’: from ethnography of the visual to critique of the occult" in Construction of the viewer : media ethnography and the anthropology of audiences, P. I. Crawford and S. B.
- Hafsteinsson (ed), Denmark, Intervention Press in association with the Nordic Anthropological Film Association. MILES Mathew and Huberman A. M. (1984), Qualitative data analysis: a sourcebook of new methods, Beverly Hills, Sage Publications.
- MOL Annemarie (1999), "Ontological politics: A Word and Some Questions", in
- Actor network theory and after, Law J. and Hassard J. (ed.), Oxford, Malden, MA, Blackwell/Sociological Review. PATTON Micheal Queen (2002), Qualitative research and evaluation methods, Thousand Oaks, Sage Publications. PINK Sarah (2001), and representation in research, London, Thousand Oaks, Sage Publications.
- Doing visual ethnography: images, media, RICOEUR Paul (1981), Hermeneutics and the Human Sciences, Cambridge,
- Cambridge University Press. ROSE Gillian (2007), Visual methodologies: an introduction to the interpretation of visual materials, London; Thousand Oaks, Calif., SAGE Publications.
- RUBY Jay (2000), Picturing culture: explorations of film & anthropology,
- Chicago, University of Chicago Press. SAYER Andrew (1992), Method in social science: a realist approach, London, New York, Routledge.
- SHIELDS Rob (1991), Places on the margin: alternative geographies of modernity. London, New York, Routledge.
- SINGLETON Vicky and MICHEAL Mike (1993), “Actor -networks and Ambivalence: General Practitioners in the UK Cervical Screening Programme”,
- Social Studies of Science 23: 227-264. SMITH Susan (2001), Doing Qualitative Research: From Interpretation to Action, in Qualitative methodologies for geographers: issues and debates, Limb M. and Dwyer C. (ed.), London, New York, Arnold, Co-published in the U.S.A. by
- Oxford University Press: 23-40. THRIFT Nigel (1997), "The still point: Resistance, expressive embodiment and dance", in Geographies of resistance, Pile S. and Keith M. (ed.), London, New York, Routledge.
- THRIFT Nigel and DEWSBURY J.D. (2000), “Dead geographies-and how to make them live.”, Environment and Planning D: Society & Space, 18: 411-432.
- TURNER Victor (1982a), The ritual process: structure and anti-structure,
- Ithaca, N.Y., Cornell University Press. TURNER Victor (1982b), From ritual to theatre: the human seriousness of play, New York City, Performing Arts Journal Publications.
- VATTIMO Gianni (1997), Beyond interpretation: the meaning of hermeneutics for philosophy, Stanford, Stanford University Press.
- VERTOV Dziga (1984), Kino-Eye: The Writings of Dziga Vertov, Berkeley and Los Angeles, University of California Press.
Öz
The purpose of this article is to contribute to the body of knowledge that argues for necessity of enacting creative, performative research methods that incorporates embodiment and reflexivity. It suggests studying social phenomena by highlighting liminality, that is to say, being in-between and in the middle. The epistemological issues in context of representation and reality are critically evaluated, in defense of experimental innovative methodological searches, in particular visual ethnographic methods. The very premises of this article stem from knowledge acquired through practice and performance, by dancing and using a video camera simultaneously during fieldwork of a research on dance, the researcher rendered the very experience of middling (between dance and camera) as a method of investigating social phenomena in its fluidity and temporariness. In that context visual ethnographic methods are offered as a way, in which the researchers can reach at another form of knowledge, which is not attainable through using conventional social scientific methods. In investigating dance in high-tempo, repetitive, rhythmic, continuous music that lasts over a long time, the main line of argument of the research was that dance is fundamentally elastic and therefore it can neither be located nor limited or identified through writing. It challenges the objective realist claims of social scientific methods. By engaging in dancing and using a video camera it generates and offer this as dancing methods.
Anahtar Kelimeler
representation visual ethnography methods hermeneutics dance research
Kaynakça
- AITKEN Ian (1990), Film and Reform: John Grierson and the Documentary
- Film Movement, London, Routledge. BAKER Ulus (2002), “Yine sinema üzerine”, Fotografya, 14, http://www. fotografya.gen.tr/issue-14/ulus_baker_14.htm. [23.09.2007].
- BANKS Marcus (2001), Visual methods in social research, London, Thousand Oaks, Calif., SAGE.
- BAZIN Andre and GRAY Hugh (1967) What is cinema?, Berkeley, University of California Press.
- BEER Gillian (1992), Forging the missing link: interdisciplinary stories,
- Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. BELLOUR Raymond (1989), Eye for I: video self-portraits, New York, N.Y.,
- Independent Curators Inc. BERENSEL Ege (2002), “Video epistemolojisine giriş.” VideA, http://www. videa.org.tr/dil/videoimajinkisatarihi.html [23.09.2007].
- BLAUG Mark (1980), The methodology of economics, or, How economists explain, Cambridge, New York, Cambridge University Press.
- BRYMAN Alan (1988), Quantity and quality in social research, London, Boston, Unwin Hyman.
- BOLT Barbara (2004), Art beyond representation the performative power of the image, London, New York, I.B. Tauris.
- CAILLOIS Roger (1962), Man, play, and games, London, Thames and Hudson.
- CALLON Michel (1998), "Introduction: The Embeddedness of Economic Markets in Economics", in The Laws of the Markets, Michel Callon (ed.), Oxford and Keele, Blackwell and the Sociological Review: 1-57.
- COOPER Robert and LAW John (1995), “Organizations: Distal and Proximal
- Views.”, Research in the Sociology of Organizations, 13: 237-274. COOPER Robert (1997), “Millennium Notes for Social Theory”, The Sociological Review 45(4): 690-703.
- COOPER Robert (1998), "Assemblage Notes", in Organized worlds: explorations in technology and organization, Robert Cooper, Chia and Cooper (ed.), London, New York, Routledge: 108-129.
- CRANG Mike (2002), “Qualitative methods: the new orthodoxy?”, Progress in Human Geography 26(5): 647-655.
- CRANG Mike (2003). “Qualitative methods: touchy, feely, look-see?”, Progress in Human Geography 27(4): 494-504.
- DELEUZE Gilles and PARNET Claire (1987), Dialogues, New York, Columbia University Press.
- DELEUZE Gilles. and GUATTARI Felix (2004), A thousand plateaus: capitalism and schizophrenia, London, New York, Continuum.
- DEWSBURY J.D. (2000), “Performativity and the event: enacting a philosophy of difference.”, Environment and Planning D: Society & Space, 18: 473-496.
- DILTHEY Wilhelm (1972), “The Rise of Hermeneutics”, New Literary History, (2): 229-244.
- EATON Mick (ed.) (1979), Anthropology, reality, cinema: the films of Jean
- Rouch. London, British Film Institute. GADAMER Hans Georg (1976), Philosophical Hermeneutics, Berkeley and Los
- Angeles, University of California Press. GADAMER Hans Georg and BERNASCONI Robert (1986), The relevance of the beautiful and other essays, Cambridge, New York, Cambridge University Press.
- GLASER Barney and STRAUSS Anselm (1967), The discovery of grounded theory; strategies for qualitative research, Chicago, Aldine Pub.
- HARAWAY Donna (1991), Situated Knowledges: the Science Question in
- Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective, in Simians, Cyborgs and Women: The Reinvention of Nature, Donna Haraway (ed.), London, Free Association Books: 183-201. HEIDEGGER Martin (1962), Being and Time, Oxford, Blackwell Publishing.
- HETHERINGTON Kevin (1996), “Identity Formation, Space and Social Centrality.”
- Theory, Culture & Society, 13(4): 33-52. HETHERINGTON Kevin (1998), Expressions of identity: space, performance, politics, London, Sage Publications.
- KUHN Thomas (1970), The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, Chicago,
- Chicago University Press. LATOUR Bruno (1987) Science in Action: How to Follow Scientists and Engineers Through Society, Milton Keynes, Open University Press.
- LATOUR Bruno (1990), "Drawing things together", in Representation in
- Scientific Practice, Michael Lynch and Steve Woolgar (ed.), Cambridge, MA, MIT Press: 19-68. LATOUR Bruno and WOOLGAR Steve (1986), Laboratory Life: The Construction of Scientific Facts, Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press.
- LAW John (2004), After method: mess in social science research, London, New York, Routledge.
- MACDOUGALL David (1995), "The subjective voice in ethnographic film" in Fields of vision: essays in film studies, visual anthropology, and photography, L.
- Devereaux and R. Hillman (ed), Berkeley, University of California Press. MARTINEZ W. (1996), "Deconstructing the ‘viewer’: from ethnography of the visual to critique of the occult" in Construction of the viewer : media ethnography and the anthropology of audiences, P. I. Crawford and S. B.
- Hafsteinsson (ed), Denmark, Intervention Press in association with the Nordic Anthropological Film Association. MILES Mathew and Huberman A. M. (1984), Qualitative data analysis: a sourcebook of new methods, Beverly Hills, Sage Publications.
- MOL Annemarie (1999), "Ontological politics: A Word and Some Questions", in
- Actor network theory and after, Law J. and Hassard J. (ed.), Oxford, Malden, MA, Blackwell/Sociological Review. PATTON Micheal Queen (2002), Qualitative research and evaluation methods, Thousand Oaks, Sage Publications. PINK Sarah (2001), and representation in research, London, Thousand Oaks, Sage Publications.
- Doing visual ethnography: images, media, RICOEUR Paul (1981), Hermeneutics and the Human Sciences, Cambridge,
- Cambridge University Press. ROSE Gillian (2007), Visual methodologies: an introduction to the interpretation of visual materials, London; Thousand Oaks, Calif., SAGE Publications.
- RUBY Jay (2000), Picturing culture: explorations of film & anthropology,
- Chicago, University of Chicago Press. SAYER Andrew (1992), Method in social science: a realist approach, London, New York, Routledge.
- SHIELDS Rob (1991), Places on the margin: alternative geographies of modernity. London, New York, Routledge.
- SINGLETON Vicky and MICHEAL Mike (1993), “Actor -networks and Ambivalence: General Practitioners in the UK Cervical Screening Programme”,
- Social Studies of Science 23: 227-264. SMITH Susan (2001), Doing Qualitative Research: From Interpretation to Action, in Qualitative methodologies for geographers: issues and debates, Limb M. and Dwyer C. (ed.), London, New York, Arnold, Co-published in the U.S.A. by
- Oxford University Press: 23-40. THRIFT Nigel (1997), "The still point: Resistance, expressive embodiment and dance", in Geographies of resistance, Pile S. and Keith M. (ed.), London, New York, Routledge.
- THRIFT Nigel and DEWSBURY J.D. (2000), “Dead geographies-and how to make them live.”, Environment and Planning D: Society & Space, 18: 411-432.
- TURNER Victor (1982a), The ritual process: structure and anti-structure,
- Ithaca, N.Y., Cornell University Press. TURNER Victor (1982b), From ritual to theatre: the human seriousness of play, New York City, Performing Arts Journal Publications.
- VATTIMO Gianni (1997), Beyond interpretation: the meaning of hermeneutics for philosophy, Stanford, Stanford University Press.
- VERTOV Dziga (1984), Kino-Eye: The Writings of Dziga Vertov, Berkeley and Los Angeles, University of California Press.
Öz
Le but de cet article est de contribuer à l’ensemble des connaissances sur les méthodes de recherche créatives et performatives qui intégrent la réflexivité et la subjectivité de chercheur. Il propose d’étudier les phénomènes sociaux en soulignant liminalité, c’est-à-dire, d’être entre-deux et au milieu. Les questions épistémologiques dans le contexte de la représentation et la réalité sont évaluées de manière critique, en quête des méthodes expérimentales, innovatrices et en particulier par des méthodes de l’éthnographie visuelle. Les prémisses de cet article sont issues de connaissances acquises au cours de la pratique et la performance, en dansant et en utilisant une caméra vidéo simultanément lors des travaux de terrain d’une recherche sur la danse pendant laquelle la chercheure a vécu l’expérience d’être au milieu (entre la danse et la caméra) comme une méthode de recherche des phénomènes sociaux dans leur fluidité et leur caractère temporaire. Dans ce contexte, les méthodes de l’éthnographie visuelle sont proposées comme des moyens par lesquelles les chercheurs peuvent atteindre une autre forme de connaissance qui n’est pas accessible par des méthodes conventionnelles de sciences sociales. En enquêtant sur la danse répétitive, rythmique, en haute-tempo avec la musique continue qui dure longtemps, la principale ligne d'argumentation de cette recherche était que la danse est fondamentalement élastique et donc elle ne peut ni être situées ni être limitée ou identifiées par l’écriture. Elle remet en cause les revendications objectives et réalistes des méthodes de sciences sociales.
Anahtar Kelimeler
mots-clès: la représentation l’éthnographie visuelle les méthodes l’herméneutique les recherches sur la danse
Kaynakça
- AITKEN Ian (1990), Film and Reform: John Grierson and the Documentary
- Film Movement, London, Routledge. BAKER Ulus (2002), “Yine sinema üzerine”, Fotografya, 14, http://www. fotografya.gen.tr/issue-14/ulus_baker_14.htm. [23.09.2007].
- BANKS Marcus (2001), Visual methods in social research, London, Thousand Oaks, Calif., SAGE.
- BAZIN Andre and GRAY Hugh (1967) What is cinema?, Berkeley, University of California Press.
- BEER Gillian (1992), Forging the missing link: interdisciplinary stories,
- Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. BELLOUR Raymond (1989), Eye for I: video self-portraits, New York, N.Y.,
- Independent Curators Inc. BERENSEL Ege (2002), “Video epistemolojisine giriş.” VideA, http://www. videa.org.tr/dil/videoimajinkisatarihi.html [23.09.2007].
- BLAUG Mark (1980), The methodology of economics, or, How economists explain, Cambridge, New York, Cambridge University Press.
- BRYMAN Alan (1988), Quantity and quality in social research, London, Boston, Unwin Hyman.
- BOLT Barbara (2004), Art beyond representation the performative power of the image, London, New York, I.B. Tauris.
- CAILLOIS Roger (1962), Man, play, and games, London, Thames and Hudson.
- CALLON Michel (1998), "Introduction: The Embeddedness of Economic Markets in Economics", in The Laws of the Markets, Michel Callon (ed.), Oxford and Keele, Blackwell and the Sociological Review: 1-57.
- COOPER Robert and LAW John (1995), “Organizations: Distal and Proximal
- Views.”, Research in the Sociology of Organizations, 13: 237-274. COOPER Robert (1997), “Millennium Notes for Social Theory”, The Sociological Review 45(4): 690-703.
- COOPER Robert (1998), "Assemblage Notes", in Organized worlds: explorations in technology and organization, Robert Cooper, Chia and Cooper (ed.), London, New York, Routledge: 108-129.
- CRANG Mike (2002), “Qualitative methods: the new orthodoxy?”, Progress in Human Geography 26(5): 647-655.
- CRANG Mike (2003). “Qualitative methods: touchy, feely, look-see?”, Progress in Human Geography 27(4): 494-504.
- DELEUZE Gilles and PARNET Claire (1987), Dialogues, New York, Columbia University Press.
- DELEUZE Gilles. and GUATTARI Felix (2004), A thousand plateaus: capitalism and schizophrenia, London, New York, Continuum.
- DEWSBURY J.D. (2000), “Performativity and the event: enacting a philosophy of difference.”, Environment and Planning D: Society & Space, 18: 473-496.
- DILTHEY Wilhelm (1972), “The Rise of Hermeneutics”, New Literary History, (2): 229-244.
- EATON Mick (ed.) (1979), Anthropology, reality, cinema: the films of Jean
- Rouch. London, British Film Institute. GADAMER Hans Georg (1976), Philosophical Hermeneutics, Berkeley and Los
- Angeles, University of California Press. GADAMER Hans Georg and BERNASCONI Robert (1986), The relevance of the beautiful and other essays, Cambridge, New York, Cambridge University Press.
- GLASER Barney and STRAUSS Anselm (1967), The discovery of grounded theory; strategies for qualitative research, Chicago, Aldine Pub.
- HARAWAY Donna (1991), Situated Knowledges: the Science Question in
- Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective, in Simians, Cyborgs and Women: The Reinvention of Nature, Donna Haraway (ed.), London, Free Association Books: 183-201. HEIDEGGER Martin (1962), Being and Time, Oxford, Blackwell Publishing.
- HETHERINGTON Kevin (1996), “Identity Formation, Space and Social Centrality.”
- Theory, Culture & Society, 13(4): 33-52. HETHERINGTON Kevin (1998), Expressions of identity: space, performance, politics, London, Sage Publications.
- KUHN Thomas (1970), The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, Chicago,
- Chicago University Press. LATOUR Bruno (1987) Science in Action: How to Follow Scientists and Engineers Through Society, Milton Keynes, Open University Press.
- LATOUR Bruno (1990), "Drawing things together", in Representation in
- Scientific Practice, Michael Lynch and Steve Woolgar (ed.), Cambridge, MA, MIT Press: 19-68. LATOUR Bruno and WOOLGAR Steve (1986), Laboratory Life: The Construction of Scientific Facts, Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press.
- LAW John (2004), After method: mess in social science research, London, New York, Routledge.
- MACDOUGALL David (1995), "The subjective voice in ethnographic film" in Fields of vision: essays in film studies, visual anthropology, and photography, L.
- Devereaux and R. Hillman (ed), Berkeley, University of California Press. MARTINEZ W. (1996), "Deconstructing the ‘viewer’: from ethnography of the visual to critique of the occult" in Construction of the viewer : media ethnography and the anthropology of audiences, P. I. Crawford and S. B.
- Hafsteinsson (ed), Denmark, Intervention Press in association with the Nordic Anthropological Film Association. MILES Mathew and Huberman A. M. (1984), Qualitative data analysis: a sourcebook of new methods, Beverly Hills, Sage Publications.
- MOL Annemarie (1999), "Ontological politics: A Word and Some Questions", in
- Actor network theory and after, Law J. and Hassard J. (ed.), Oxford, Malden, MA, Blackwell/Sociological Review. PATTON Micheal Queen (2002), Qualitative research and evaluation methods, Thousand Oaks, Sage Publications. PINK Sarah (2001), and representation in research, London, Thousand Oaks, Sage Publications.
- Doing visual ethnography: images, media, RICOEUR Paul (1981), Hermeneutics and the Human Sciences, Cambridge,
- Cambridge University Press. ROSE Gillian (2007), Visual methodologies: an introduction to the interpretation of visual materials, London; Thousand Oaks, Calif., SAGE Publications.
- RUBY Jay (2000), Picturing culture: explorations of film & anthropology,
- Chicago, University of Chicago Press. SAYER Andrew (1992), Method in social science: a realist approach, London, New York, Routledge.
- SHIELDS Rob (1991), Places on the margin: alternative geographies of modernity. London, New York, Routledge.
- SINGLETON Vicky and MICHEAL Mike (1993), “Actor -networks and Ambivalence: General Practitioners in the UK Cervical Screening Programme”,
- Social Studies of Science 23: 227-264. SMITH Susan (2001), Doing Qualitative Research: From Interpretation to Action, in Qualitative methodologies for geographers: issues and debates, Limb M. and Dwyer C. (ed.), London, New York, Arnold, Co-published in the U.S.A. by
- Oxford University Press: 23-40. THRIFT Nigel (1997), "The still point: Resistance, expressive embodiment and dance", in Geographies of resistance, Pile S. and Keith M. (ed.), London, New York, Routledge.
- THRIFT Nigel and DEWSBURY J.D. (2000), “Dead geographies-and how to make them live.”, Environment and Planning D: Society & Space, 18: 411-432.
- TURNER Victor (1982a), The ritual process: structure and anti-structure,
- Ithaca, N.Y., Cornell University Press. TURNER Victor (1982b), From ritual to theatre: the human seriousness of play, New York City, Performing Arts Journal Publications.
- VATTIMO Gianni (1997), Beyond interpretation: the meaning of hermeneutics for philosophy, Stanford, Stanford University Press.
- VERTOV Dziga (1984), Kino-Eye: The Writings of Dziga Vertov, Berkeley and Los Angeles, University of California Press.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 1 Ağustos 2011 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2011Sayı: 15 |
- Makale Dosyaları
